Alternaria alternataCrofton-Weed Toxin:  a Natural Inhibitor of Photosystem II inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiThylakoids

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 5180-5185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ming Xu ◽  
Xin-Bin Dai ◽  
Sheng Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Natural Inhibitor

Characterization of photosystem II with the atomic-force microscope

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1146-1147
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Marr ◽  
Mary K. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Averaging Techniques

Photosystem II (PSII) is different from all other reaction centers in that it splits water to evolve oxygen and hydrogen ions. This unique ability to evolve oxygen is partly due to three oxygen evolving polypeptides (OEPs) associated with the PSII complex. Freeze etching on grana derived insideout membranes revealed that the OEPs contribute to the observed tetrameric nature of the PSIl particle; when the OEPs are removed, a distinct dimer emerges. Thus, the surface of the PSII complex changes dramatically upon removal of these polypeptides. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is ideal for examining surface topography. The instrument provides a topographical view of individual PSII complexes, giving relatively high resolution three-dimensional information without image averaging techniques. In addition, the use of a fluid cell allows a biologically active sample to be maintained under fully hydrated and physiologically buffered conditions. The OEPs associated with PSII may be sequentially removed, thereby changing the surface of the complex by one polypeptide at a time.

Leptin lavolvement in C. difficlle toxin A (TxA) induced enteritis

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A180-A180
Author(s):  
M WLK ◽  
C MANTZOROS ◽  
C WANG ◽  
L UNGSUNAN ◽  
K KARALIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxin A

1191: Bladder Botulinum Toxin a Injection Can Benefit Patients with Radiation and Chemical Cystitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Yao-Chi Chuang ◽  
Yao-Chi Chuang ◽  
Dae Kyung Kim ◽  
Po-Hui Chiang ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A

1125: Botulinum Toxin a in Neurogenic Bladder: Are there any Patient Predictors of Response?

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schurch ◽  
Marianne de Seze ◽  
Pierre Denys ◽  
Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler ◽  
Francois Haab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Neurogenic Bladder ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Predictors Of Response

358: Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Administration Produces Analgesia Against Acetic Acid Induced Bladder Pain Responses in Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Yao-Chi Chuang ◽  
Naoki Yoshimura ◽  
Chao-Cheng Huang ◽  
Po-Hui Chiang ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Pain Responses

1732: Intra Vesical Botulinum Toxin a Inhibits the Afferent Response in the Chronically Inflamed Bladder

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 458-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya M. Vemulakonda ◽  
George T. Somogyi ◽  
Susanna Kiss ◽  
Jeffrey L. Evans ◽  
Mohit Khera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Afferent Response

1296: Effect of Botulinum Toxin a on Urethral Outlet Resistance by Measuring Changes in Leak Point Pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 351-352
Author(s):  
Nilson A. Salas ◽  
George T. Somogyi ◽  
Bryce H. Vincent ◽  
Timothy B. Boone ◽  
Christopher P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Leak Point Pressure ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Point Pressure
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