Effects of Water Content on Volatile Generation and Peptide Degradation in the Maillard Reaction of Glycine, Diglycine, and Triglycine

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (16) ◽  
pp. 6443-6447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-ying Lu ◽  
Zhigang Hao ◽  
Richard Payne ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Peptide Degradation ◽  
Volatile Generation

Effect of Urea on Volatile Generation from Maillard Reaction of Cysteine and Ribose

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 3512-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Jinsong Xing ◽  
Chee-Kok Chin ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Volatile Generation

Effect of Dipping in Sodium Bisulfite Solution and Packaging under Nitrogen on Fresh Sweet Corn during High Temperature Sterilization and Shelf-Life

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Wei Qiao Yang ◽  
Hai Dong Liu ◽  
Xi Hong Li ◽  
Chong Xiao Shao ◽  
Mei Mei Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Qualitative Properties

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dipping in 1% sodium bisulfite solution and packaging under nitrogen on qualitative properties of fresh sweet corn (Zea mays L.) sterilized at 121°C for 15 min and stored at 30°C for 90 days. Water content in all samples was maintained well during the storage. The samples either dipped in 1% sodium bisulfite solution or packaged under nitrogen all could better keep the content of soluble and reducing sugar than control and inhibit the browning caused by Maillard reaction during the sterilization.

Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

STEM measurement of subcellular water distributions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.Q. Sun ◽  
S-L. Shi ◽  
R.A. Buchanan ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Annular Dark Field

Recent advances in rapid-freezing and cryosectioning techniques coupled with use of the quantitative signals available in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can provide us with new methods for determining the water distributions of subcellular compartments. The water content is an important physiological quantity that reflects how fluid and electrolytes are regulated in the cell; it is also required to convert dry weight concentrations of ions obtained from x-ray microanalysis into the more relevant molar ionic concentrations. Here we compare the information about water concentrations from both elastic (annular dark-field) and inelastic (electron energy loss) scattering measurements.In order to utilize the elastic signal it is first necessary to increase contrast by removing the water from the cryosection. After dehydration the tissue can be digitally imaged under low-dose conditions, in the same way that STEM mass mapping of macromolecules is performed. The resulting pixel intensities are then converted into dry mass fractions by using an internal standard, e.g., the mean intensity of the whole image may be taken as representative of the bulk water content of the tissue.

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