Absorption and Urinary Excretion of (−)-Epicatechin after Administration of Different Levels of Cocoa Powder or (−)-Epicatechin in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 6050-6056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Baba ◽  
Naomi Osakabe ◽  
Midori Natsume ◽  
Yuko Muto ◽  
Toshio Takizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Different Levels

Model explaining the relation between distal nephron Li+ reabsorption and urinary Na+ excretion in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. F445-F452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shalmi ◽  
Thomas Jonassen ◽  
Klaus Thomsen ◽  
Jonathan D. Kibble ◽  
Peter Bie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Angiotensin Iii ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Li+ may be reabsorbed via an amiloride-sensitive mechanism in the collecting ducts of rats administered a low-Na+ diet. This was investigated by measuring the increase in fractional urinary excretion of Li+(FELi) in response to amiloride in conscious rats at two different levels of plasma Li+ concentration and after administration of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ), angiotensin III (ANG III), and aldosterone (Aldo). The results confirmed that amiloride increased (FELi) in rats on a low-Na+ diet (20 ± 1 to 35 ± 1%, means ± SE), whereas no increase was observed in rats on a normal Na+ diet (37 ± 1 to 38 ± 1%). The lithiuretic effect of amiloride was 1) abolished by preadministration of BFTZ (32 ± 1 to 33 ± 2%) to Na+-deprived rats and 2) increased by ANG III (27 ± 3 to 33 ± 2%) and Aldo (25 ± 2 to 37 ± 2%) in Na+-replete rats. Amiloride-induced changes in FELiwere independent of plasma Li+concentration but inversely related to the fractional excretion of Na+ and the amiloride-sensitive excretion of K+. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that a low tubular Na+ concentration reduces end-tubular Na+ reabsorption and results in hyperpolarization of the apical membrane, thus favoring Li+ uptake into the cells.

scholarly journals Plasma LDL and HDL Cholesterol and Oxidized LDL Concentrations Are Altered in Normo- and Hypercholesterolemic Humans after Intake of Different Levels of Cocoa Powder

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 1436-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Baba ◽  
Midori Natsume ◽  
Akiko Yasuda ◽  
Yuko Nakamura ◽  
Takaaki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Effect of Milk on the Urinary Excretion of Microbial Phenolic Acids after Cocoa Powder Consumption in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4706-4711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Urpi-Sarda ◽  
Rafael Llorach ◽  
Nasiruddin Khan ◽  
Maria Monagas ◽  
Maria Rotches-Ribalta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Powder Consumption

Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Fed and Fasted Yaks (Bos gruniens)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
R. J. Long ◽  
X. B. Chen ◽  
S. K. Dong ◽  
D. G. Zhang ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies in sheep and cattle have demonstrated that the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) provides an index of the intestinal flow of microbial protein (Chen et al. 1990). Yak is the most important ruminant species in Tibetan Plateau. It was of interest to establish whether the approach of PD excretion to estimate microbial protein supply is applicable in yaks. The objective of this work is to measure the effect of fasting and different levels of feeding on PD excretion in yaks.The feeding experiments were carried out in Xi-ning, China at an altitude of 3100m and a latitude of 36.8° N. Six 5-year old female yaks were used and 3 experiments were completed.

Urinary excretion of allantoin in steers fed on cereal based diet infused with different levels of urea-casein

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 79-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
F. Vicente ◽  
J. A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
N Source ◽  
Rumen Microflora ◽  
Different Levels

Values of ammonia concentration in rumen liquid have been used as an index of nitrogen requirements of rumen microflora even though ammonia requirements seem to depend on the type of diet. Cellulollitic flora mainly use ammonia as N source, while bacteria that ferment non-structural carbohydrates use either ammonia or protein nitrogen. The aim of this experiment was to establish the minimum concentration of ammonia to optimise microbial synthesis in the rumen of steers fed concentrate-based diets.

scholarly journals Influence of Tobacco Additives on the Chemical Composition of Mainstream Smoke

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hahn ◽  
J Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractAdditives used in tobacco product manufacturing are currently in the focus of public discussions with regard to potentially increased consumer health risks on account of certain additives. In addition, a few additives are suspected to enhance the addictiveness of tobacco products. In 2006, the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BundesministeriumfuerErnaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, BMELV) commissioned a research project intended to provide support for the evaluation of additives and their influence on the composition and properties of cigarette mainstream smoke. In this paper the results of the study are reported. Different amounts of glycerol, cocoa powder and sucrose were added to the tobacco of two kinds of filter-ventilated King size test cigarettes with ‘tar’ levels of 6 mg and 10 mg per cigarette. The tobacco of the test cigarettes consisted of a commercially available blend made of Virginia, Burley and Oriental tobaccos. Machine smoking was performed according to the applicable ISO smoking regimen. Various smoke components, which are suspected to be harmful for health, were determined in mainstream smoke. Increasing levels of sucrose were correlated with an increase of the amount of formaldehyde but not of acetaldehyde in the mainstream smoke of the test cigarettes. In cigarettes with different levels of added glycerol no substantial change in smoke composition was observed. The addition of cocoa powder to tobacco resulted in a decrease of tobaccospecific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke. The results obtained in this study can be used as evidence for the toxicological evaluation aimed at approving or banning specific additives for tobacco product manufacturing.

Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Fed and Fasted Yaks (Bos gruniens)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
R. J. Long ◽  
X. B. Chen ◽  
S. K. Dong ◽  
D. G. Zhang ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies in sheep and cattle have demonstrated that the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) provides an index of the intestinal flow of microbial protein (Chen et al. 1990). Yak is the most important ruminant species in Tibetan Plateau. It was of interest to establish whether the approach of PD excretion to estimate microbial protein supply is applicable in yaks. The objective of this work is to measure the effect of fasting and different levels of feeding on PD excretion in yaks.The feeding experiments were carried out in Xi-ning, China at an altitude of 3100m and a latitude of 36.8° N. Six 5-year old female yaks were used and 3 experiments were completed.

Urinary excretion of allantoin in steers fed on cereal based diet infused with different levels of urea-casein

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
S. M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
F. Vicente ◽  
J. A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
N Source ◽  
Rumen Microflora ◽  
Different Levels

Values of ammonia concentration in rumen liquid have been used as an index of nitrogen requirements of rumen microflora even though ammonia requirements seem to depend on the type of diet. Cellulollitic flora mainly use ammonia as N source, while bacteria that ferment non-structural carbohydrates use either ammonia or protein nitrogen. The aim of this experiment was to establish the minimum concentration of ammonia to optimise microbial synthesis in the rumen of steers fed concentrate-based diets.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

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