Effects of light and the importance of living plant tissues on the fate of [14C]phorate in water and Elodea plants

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-641
Author(s):  
Gerd Walter-Echols ◽  
E. Paul Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant

The current state of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals and the potential for application to plant systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Baldwin ◽  
R. Riley ◽  
N. Zitomer ◽  
K. Voss ◽  
R. Coulombe Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Commercially Important

Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important. Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of 'biomarkers' used to link exposure to disease risk. In the case of aflatoxin this effort has led to the discovery of both exposure and mechanism-based biomarkers, which have proven essential for understanding aflatoxin's potential for causing disease in humans, including subtle effects on growth and immune response. Fumonisin biomarkers have also been used extensively in farm and laboratory animals to study the fumonisin-induced disruption of cellular and systemic physiology which leads to disease. This review summarises the status of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals for the commercially important mycotoxins. Since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonise living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. This review examines the question of whether or not the knowledge gained from mechanistic studies and development of biomarkers in animal and human systems is transferable to the study of mycotoxin effects on plant systems. Thus far, fumonisin has proven amenable to development of mechanism-based biomarkers to study maize seedling disease caused by the fumonisin producer, Fusarium verticillioides. Expanding our knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and the overt and subtle effects on animal, human, and plant systems through the identification and validation of biomarkers will further our ability to monitor and limit the damage and economic impact of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Phenomena Occurring during Pyrolysis of Salix viminalis Wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra W. Cyganiuk ◽  
Roman Klimkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Olejniczak ◽  
Anna Kucińska ◽  
Jerzy P. Łukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant

Selective utilisation of unique properties of Salix viminalis wood enables preparation of materials of nanotechnologic properties. Thermal decomposition of lignin-cellulose organic matter results in the formation of a nanostructured porous carbon matrix (charcoal). Narrowed pore size distribution (PSD) in the subnanometer range allows to consider the charcoals as carbon molecular sieves (CMSs), which are capable of separating even chemically inert gases like neon, krypton, and nitrogen. High tolerance of Salix viminalis to heavy metal ions enables enriching living plant tissues with metal ions like lanthanum and manganese. Such ions may later form LaMnO3 with parallel transformation of plant tissues (organic matter) to carbon matrix using a heat treatment. In this way, one gets a hybrid material: a porous carbon matrix with uniformly suspended nanocrystallites of LaMoO3. The crystallites are in the catalytically active phase during the conversion of n-butanol to heptanone-4 with high yield and selectivity.

Proximity of Agrobacterium to living plant tissues induces conversion to a filamentous bacterial form

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Finer ◽  
K.M. Larkin ◽  
B.J. Martin ◽  
J.J. Finer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Bacterial Form

scholarly journals Time-resolved analyses of elemental distribution and concentration in living plants: An example using manganese toxicity in cowpea leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pax C. Blamey ◽  
David J. Paterson ◽  
Adam Walsh ◽  
Nader Afshar ◽  
Brigid A. McKenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Changes Over Time

SummaryKnowledge of elemental distribution and concentration within plant tissues is crucial in the understanding of almost every process that occurs within plants. However, analytical limitations have hindered the microscopic determination of changes over time in the location and concentration of nutrients and contaminants in living plant tissues.We developed a novel method using synchrotron-based micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) that allows for laterally-resolved, multi-element, kinetic analyses of plant leaf tissues in vivo. To test the utility of this approach, we examined changes in the accumulation of Mn in unifoliate leaves of 7-d-old cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants grown for 48 h at 0.2 and 30 μM Mn in solution.Repeated μ-XRF scanning did not damage leaf tissues demonstrating the validity of the method. Exposure to 30 μM Mn for 48 h increased the initial number of small spots of localized high Mn and their concentration rose from 40 to 670 mg Mn kg-1 fresh mass. Extension of the two-dimensional μ-XRF scans to a three-dimensional geometry provided further assessment of Mn localization and concentration.This method shows the value of synchrotron-based μ-XRF analyses for time-resolved in vivo analysis of elemental dynamics in plant sciences.

Magnetic susceptibility shift selected imaging (MESSI) and localized1H2O spectroscopy in living plant tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhong ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yair Shachar-Hill ◽  
Francis Picart ◽  
Arnold Wishnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Living Plant

Lack of effect of fusicoccin on passive transport in living plant tissues and in artificial phospholipid membranes

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Radice ◽  
Pierino Martinotti ◽  
Piera Lado ◽  
Erasmo Marré
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Phospholipid Membranes ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Living Plant
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