Density, Refractive Index, and Kinematic Viscosity of Diesters and Triesters

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Lorenzi ◽  
Maurizio Fermeglia ◽  
Giovanni Torriano
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

scholarly journals Process Analysis of PMMA Dental Resins Scraps Depolimerization: Optimization of Reaction Time and Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Bisi dos Santos Jr. ◽  
Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Armando Costa Ferreira ◽  
Caio Campos Ferreira ◽  
Lucas Pinto Bernar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
The Cross

In this work, the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps were submitted to pyrolysis to recover MMA (Methylmethacrylate). The thermal degradation of cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps was analyzed by TG/DTG to guide the operating conditions in pilot scale. The pyrolysis experiments carried out in a reactor of 143L, at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atmosphere. The reaction liquid products obtained at 345°C, physicochemical characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index. The chemical composition of liquid products obtained at 345°C, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, at 405°C, 50, 70, and 130 minutes, and at 420°C, 40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 130 minutes determined by GC-MS. The experiments show that liquid phase yields were 55.50%, 48.73%, and 48.20% (wt.), at 345, 405, and 420°C, respectively, showing a smooth sigmoid behavior, decreasing with increasing temperature, while that of gas phase were 31.69%, 36.60%, and 40.13% (wt.), respectively, increasing with temperature. The liquid products density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index obtained at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 minutes, varied between 0.9227 and 0.9380 g/mL, 0.566 and 0.588 mm2/s, and 1.401 and 1.414, respectively, showing percentage deviations between 0.74 and 2.36%, 7.40 and 10.86%, and 0.00 and 0.92%, respectively, compared to standard values for density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of pure MMA at 20 °C. The GC-MS identified in the reaction liquid products at 345, 405, and 420°C, 1.0 atm, esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and aromatics, showing concentrations of MMA between 83.454 and 98.975% (area.). For all the depolymerization experiments, the concentrations of MMA in the liquid phase, between 30 and 80 minutes, reach purities above 98% (area.), decreasing drastically with increasing reaction time after 100 minutes, thus making it possible to depolymerize the cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps by pyrolysis to recover MMA. The optimum operating conditions to achieve high MMA concentrations, as well as elevated yields of liquid reaction products were 345 °C and 80 minutes.

A Method for Matching the Refractive Index and Kinematic Viscosity of a Blood Analog for Flow Visualization in Hydraulic Cardiovascular Models

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Nguyen and ◽  
Y. Biadillah ◽  
R. Mongrain ◽  
J. Brunette, and ◽  
J.-C. Tardif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cardiovascular Models ◽  
Miscible Liquids

In this work, we propose a simple method to simultaneously match the refractive index and kinematic viscosity of a circulating blood analog in hydraulic models for optical flow measurement techniques (PIV, PMFV, LDA, and LIF). The method is based on the determination of the volumetric proportions and temperature at which two transparent miscible liquids should be mixed to reproduce the targeted fluid characteristics. The temperature dependence models are a linear relation for the refractive index and an Arrhenius relation for the dynamic viscosity of each liquid. Then the dynamic viscosity of the mixture is represented with a Grunberg-Nissan model of type 1. Experimental tests for acrylic and blood viscosity were found to be in very good agreement with the targeted values (measured refractive index of 1.486 and kinematic viscosity of 3.454 milli-m2/s with targeted values of 1.47 and 3.300 milli-m2/s).

scholarly journals Synthesis of azo polymers by etheric derivatives polymerization of allyl bromide and studying their bandgap and determine some of their properties: اصطناع بوليميرات آزو ببلمرة مشتاقات إيتيرية لبروميد الآليل ودراسة فجوتها الطاقية وتعيين بعض خصائصها الفيزيائية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-142
Author(s):  
Ghazi Mahmoud Hasso Jawish, Rushdi Madwar, Francois Kara Bet Ghazi Mahmoud Hasso Jawish, Rushdi Madwar, Francois Kara Bet
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Allyl Bromide ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
Azo Polymers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Derivatives Of

In this research, two ether derivatives of phenolic azo dyes were synthesized via Williamson's reaction according to the SN2 mechanism. The prepared compounds were radically polymerized using (AIBN) as an initiator and their structures were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Furthermore, thermal properties of these polymers was made by (DSC). Bandgap energy have been calculated to indicate the ability of these polymers as optical semiconductors, it was 2.8ev, 2.4ev for P(AO2) and P(AON1) respectively. Beside the determination of refractive index, kinematic viscosity, density, and degree of Turbidity.

Kinematic Viscosity and Refractive Index of Aqueous Solutions of Ethanol and Glycerol

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2157-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Moreira ◽  
Francisco Chenlo ◽  
Damien LeGall
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity

Rapid determination of diesel/biodiesel blend ratio using refractive index, density, and kinematic viscosity measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Muhammad Hasnol Fazirin Mohd Alwi ◽  
Sih Yiting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Development of a Methodology for Adaptation of Refractive Index Under Controlling Kinematic Viscosity for PIV

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuya Shida ◽  
Hiroyuki Kosukegawa ◽  
Makoto Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Flow Modeling

Blood vessel diseases such as ischemic cardiac disease or cerebral aneurysm are life-threatening disorders and as large a cause of death as cancer in many countries. The rupture of a cerebral aneurysm usually causes subarachnoidal hemorrhage the mortality of which is very high. Previous studies have proved that the genesis and growth of aneurysm are related to hemodynamics. Especially, in endovascular therapy for cerebral aneurysms using medical devices such as coils or stents, hemodynamics in an aneurysm are related to thrombosis formation in the aneurysm and to its repair. In vascular research using a biomodel (blood vessel phantom with mechanical properties similar to a human artery) for treating cerebral aneurysm, the working fluid, termed Blood-Mimicking Fluid (BMF), should mimic human blood with respect to viscosity so as to obtain realistic blood flow modeling in in vitro measurements. Moreover, refractive indices of BMF must be adjusted to fit biomodel materials because the materials used for Particle Image Velocimetry, one of the best tools for measurement of flow, have various refractive indices. For simultaneous adjustment of the two parameters, i.e. kinematic viscosity and refractive index, an aqueous mixture of glycerol and sodium iodide has been used in previous research. In this paper, we develop a systematic way to precisely find the two targeted parameters of BMF by showing the measurement values of the refractive index and the viscosity of the two aqueous solutions. The refractive index to light of fluorescent was measured with a critical angle refractometer while temperature of sample was also measured. And a vibration-type viscometer was used to obtain the dynamic viscosity under the same condition as refractive index measurement. These measurements were carried out at room temperature and pressure, respectively. As a result of detailed measurements at various proportions, refractive indices of the aqueous solution of glycerol (Gly. aq.) increase monotonically. On the one hand, the kinematic viscosity of Gly. aq. increases very slightly with its proportion and that of the aqueous solution of sodium iodide (NaI aq.) exhibits unique behavior. The results of combining Gly. aq. and NaI aq. indicate that the mixture has a wide range of kinematic viscosity, including the value of blood (around 3.8 mm2/s), at the targeted refractive index. In conclusion, this mixing method is useful for BMF preparation with the adjustment of refractive index and kinematic viscosity.

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