Comments On “Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Water + 2,3-Butanediol + 3-Methyl-1-Butanol with Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate at 303.15 K” (Sharma, S.; Pandya, G.; Chakrabarti, T.; Khanna, P.J. Chem.Eng. Data,1996,41,306−309)†

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maniraju Govindarajan ◽  
Palaniappa Sabarathinam
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate

scholarly journals Dephosphorization Reaction by Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Sulfate

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (13) ◽  
pp. 1838-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo INOUE ◽  
Hideaki SUITO
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Hybrid Cements Based on Fly Ash and Construction and Demolition Wastes Using Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
William Valencia-Saavedra ◽  
Rafael Robayo-Salazar ◽  
Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Alkali Activated

This article demonstrates the possibility of producing alkali-activated hybrid cements based on fly ash (FA), and construction and demolition wastes (concrete waste, COW; ceramic waste, CEW; and masonry waste, MAW) using sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) (2–6%) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (5–10%) as activators. From a mixture of COW, CEW, and MAW in equal proportions (33.33%), a new precursor called CDW was generated. The precursors were mixed with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (10–30%). Curing of the materials was performed at room temperature (25 °C). The hybrid cements activated with Na2SO4 reached compressive strengths of up to 31 MPa at 28 days of curing, and the hybrid cements activated with Na2CO3 yielded compressive strengths of up to 22 MPa. Based on their mechanical performance, the optimal mixtures were selected: FA/30OPC-4%Na2SO4, CDW/30OPC-4%Na2SO4, FA/30OPC-10%Na2CO3, and CDW/30OPC-10%Na2CO3. At prolonged ages (180 days), these mixtures reached compressive strength values similar to those reported for pastes based on 100% OPC. A notable advantage is the reduction of the heat of the reaction, which can be reduced by up to 10 times relative to that reported for the hydration of Portland cement. These results show the feasibility of manufacturing alkaline-activated hybrid cements using alternative activators with a lower environmental impact.

A practical approach to eliminating rapid sodium carbonate - sodium sulfate scaling in black liquor concentrators

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
W.J. (JIM) FREDERICK ◽  
DANIEL D. EUHUS
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Solution Design ◽  
And Behavior

Black liquor concentrators perform as crystallizers as well as evaporators, producing up to 200 kg of sodium carbonate - sodium sulfate double salt (Na2CO3+Na2SO4) crystals per o.d. metric ton of pulp produced. One of these salts, sodium sulfate dicarbonate, rapidly fouls many concentrators as it crystallizes from solution. Design and operation of black liquor concentrators to manage its crystallization can eliminate or substantially reduce sodium sulfate dicarbonate scaling. Older equipment installed before sodium sulfate dicarbonate was discovered in 2002 would benefit the most. This paper explores options for reducing rapid sodium sulfate dicarbonate scaling in black liquor concentrators by applying today’s knowledge of sodium sulfate dicarbonate crystallization characteristics and behavior during crystallizing evaporation.

scholarly journals Optimization of dyeing parameters of cotton standardized samples for laundry test of dye transfer inhibition program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Guo ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Qingbo Yang ◽  
Chang Sun ◽  
Jianli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Dye Transfer ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Dyeing Parameters ◽  
Transfer Inhibition

AbstractIn order to prevent light-colored clothes from being stained by dyes released from dark clothes during the washing process, some new-type washing machines have developed the dye transfer inhibition washing program. However, there is no certified reference materials for the test of dye transfer inhibition function. To this end, cotton fabric and reactive dyes are used as experimental materials to prepare standardized samples to evaluate the dye transfer inhibition function of washing machines. Firstly, the single factor analysis method is used to analyze the significance of the dyeing parameters including dye dosage, dyeing temperature, sodium sulfate dosage and sodium carbonate dosage. Secondly, a 4-factor 5-level experimental design and theoretical prediction of the best dyeing parameters are successively carried out through central composite design and response surface method. Two evaluation indicators, the dye release amount of the standardized sample of dyed fabric and the color difference value of the standardized sample of white fabric after washing, are proposed as the response values for response surface analysis to search the optimal dying parameters in theory. The optimal dyeing parameters obtained through response surface analysis are that the dosage of dye is 5.63% (owf), the dyeing temperature is 60 °C, the dosage of sodium sulfate is 93.60 g/L, and the dosage of sodium carbonate is 15 g/L. Experimental results indicate that the standardized samples prepared with optimal dyeing parameters can effectively distinguish the dye transfer inhibition function of washing machines.

Determination of Methylene Chloride Acceptability and Its "Purification" for Ethylenethiourea Methodology

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1146-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A Sack ◽  
Donald C Kendall ◽  
Richard T Krause
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Rotary Evaporation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A liquid chromatographic-electrochermcal method for the determination of ethylenethiourea (ETU) residues uses methylene chloride in the cleanup. Distilled-in-glass grade methylene chloride produced erratic ETU recoveries ranging from 0 to 106% for vacuum rotary evaporation of the solvent. ETU recoveries were found to be dependent on the bottle of methylene chloride used, not on supplier or lot. When GC2 grade methylene chloride from Burdick &Jackson Laboratories was used, ETU recoveries ranged from 92 to 110%. "Acceptable" ETU recoveries were defined as those values between 90 and 110%. Passing "unacceptable" methylene chloride through a column containing anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and alumina was found to adequately purify methylene chloride. Treated methylene chloride provided acceptable ETU recoveries for up to 1 month after "purification."

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document