Excess Gibbs free energies for binary systems. Isopropyl alcohol with benzene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Nagata ◽  
Tatsuhiko Ohta ◽  
Yoshio Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Free Energies

DETERMINATION OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT IN BINARY ORGANIC SYSTEMS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1606-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Miller ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Absolute Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Made In

Measurements of the dielectric constants of binary systems have been made; hexane, benzene, toluene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and nitrobenzene have been used two at a time. It was the purpose to obtain accurate data for the dielectric constants for the 15 systems over the whole range of concentrations from 0 to 100%, with the absolute accuracy of 0.1%. It is claimed that the relative accuracy is of this order. From the data obtained regularities have been found which are expressed in the form of empirical equations which summarize the data. Tentative suggestions regarding theoretical conclusions are made in a number of cases.

An approach to the problem of ionic distribution in liquid silicates

1965 ◽  
Vol 287 (1409) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Chemical Equilibria ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Ionic Distribution ◽  
Regular Manner ◽  
Single Constant

Liquid silicates have been treated as analogous to conventional polymers with a distribution of molecular weights which is governed by considerations of chemical equilibria. Ionic distributions have been calculated as a function of the silica content for several binary systems in regions more basic than the metasilicate, where linear and branched polyionic chains may be considered to predominate. For systems in which the average chain length is sufficiently low or high the distribution may be characterized, to a first approximation, by a single constant the value of which is estimated from activities or independently from the standard free energies of formation of the crystalline silicates. The restriction of ideal mixing is not a condition of the theory, although it is required that the activity coefficients of the silicates vary in a regular manner with increasing size. Limitations and some consequences of the simple theory have been discussed.

Thermodynamic Calculation of Bi-Au-Lu, Nd Ternary Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Shu Liang Wang ◽  
Lu Jiang Zhou ◽  
Jia Lian Li ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Yuan Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Solution Models ◽  
New Type ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Kister Equation

With available melting point and hardness, the Bi-based filler alloy is considered as one choice of high-temperature Pb-free solder. Phase diagram can play an important role in the design of new type of Pb-free solder.In the present work, the thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Nd and the Au-Lu binary systems have been carried out by the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) method based on the available experimental data. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by subregular solution models with the Redlich-Kister equation, and those of the intermetallic compounds were described by sublattice models. A set of self-consistent and reasonable thermodynamic parameters is obtained for the binary systems, which describes the Gibbs energies of the solution phases and the intermetallic compounds phases. Additionally, combined the reported Bi-Au, Bi-Lu and Bi-Nd binary systems, the thermodynamic database of the Bi-Au-Lu and the Bi-Au-Nd ternary systems have been developed, which will provide important thermodynamic information for the phase equilibria of the multicomponent Bi-based alloy systems.

Thermodynamic Database of the Phase Diagrams in the Sc-X Binary Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lian Li ◽  
Shu Liang Wang ◽  
Xue Qin ◽  
Yu Heng Li ◽  
Lu Jiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Regular Solution Model ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sc Addition ◽  
Welding Properties

Sc-based alloys have been used as aero-structures materials, and Sc addition on wrought alloys has positive effects on weldability and welding properties. Phase diagrams play an effective role during the development of new type of alloy with good properties. Therefore, to establish the thermodynamic database of Sc-X binary systems is important and necessary.In the present work, the thermodynamic assessments of Sc-X (Ag, B, Cr, Er, Gd, Mo, Th, W, Y, Zr) binary systems was carried out by using CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method based on the experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by the sub-regular solution model with the Redlich-Kister equation, and those of the intermetallic compounds were described by the sub-lattice model. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters were derived for describing the Gibbs free energies of each solution phase and intermetallic compound. The calculated phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with experimental data. The thermodynamic database of the Sc-X (Al, Ag, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Er, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Ru, Sn, Th, W, Y, Zn, Zr) binary systems have been developed, which can provide much important thermodynamic information for multicomponent Al-Sc based alloys.

Thermodynamic Study of Ag-Au-Gd, Tb Ternary Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lian Li ◽  
Shu Liang Wang ◽  
Lu Jiang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Yuan Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Calculated Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Filler Alloy ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Significant Information

The addition of the rare earth elements into the Ag-based filler alloy, which is typical and important, can control and eliminate the negative effect of impurity elements, and furthermore, it improves the spreading property of the Ag-based filler alloy. Phase diagram provides an important direction for materials design of the Ag-based filler alloy. Thus it is necessary to investigate the phase diagrams and construct the thermodynamic database. On the basis of this background, thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Gd, Tb binary systems were carried out by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method based on the experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by sub-regular solution models with the Redlich-Kister equation, while all of the intermetallic compounds were described by sub-lattice models. A consistent set of thermodynamic parameters was derived from describing the Gibbs free energies of each solution phase and intermetallic compound. The calculated phase diagram achieved consistency with the available experiments. Then combined with the assessed relevant binary systems, the Ag-Au-Gd, Tb ternary systems have been predicted. The thermodynamic database of these ternary systems has been developed to present the significant information for the design of Ag-based filler alloys.

Thermodynamic Database of the Phase Diagrams in the Au-RE Binary Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Heng Li ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Peng Wu Yang ◽  
Jia Lian Li ◽  
Lu Jiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Lead Free Solders ◽  
Further Development

The thermodynamic database has been developed for Au-RE binary systems. Based on the experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium, the thermodynamic assessments of phase diagrams in the Au-RE (RE: Nd, Dy, Yb, Gd, Tb, Sm, Lu) binary systems were carried out by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by substitutional solution model, and all of the intermetallic compounds were described by sublattice models. The calculated phase diagrams are congruent with the available experimental data. Combined with the assessed Au-RE (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) binary systems, the thermodynamic database of Au-RE binary systems has been developed, and some significant information of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium could be calculated, which is important for the further development of Sn-Au-RE high-temperature lead-free solders.

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