Equilibrium Study for the System Tri-n-butyl Phosphate, Normal Paraffin Hydrocarbon, and Nitric Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 2856-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaila Lalkuwar Bajoria ◽  
Virendra Kisan Rathod ◽  
N. K. Pandey ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali ◽  
R. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Paraffin Hydrocarbon ◽  
Normal Paraffin ◽  
Equilibrium Study

Kinetics of extraction of nitric acid into binary mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate and normal paraffin hydrocarbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 492-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Pandey ◽  
Elizabeth Augustine ◽  
Remya Murali ◽  
N. Desigan ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Paraffin Hydrocarbon ◽  
Normal Paraffin ◽  
Kinetics Of

Separation of Ruthenium from Simulated Nuclear Waste in Nitric Acid Medium using n-Paraffin Hydrocarbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravati Swain ◽  
S. Annapoorani ◽  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
C. Mallika ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Paraffin Hydrocarbon ◽  
Nitric Acid Medium

Isoprene and Rubber. XXIV. The Reduction of Rubber with Hydriodic Acid

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
H. Staudinger ◽  
James R. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Hydrogenation Product ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Paraffin Hydrocarbon ◽  
Normal Paraffin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract In the past, the reduction of rubber has been of special interest since Harries was of the opinion, based on his ideas on the constitution of rubber, that hydrorubber might possibly be distilled without decomposition in vacua, and therefore that its preparation would be of importance in explaining the constitution of rubber. Staudinger and Fritschi obtained a hydrorubber by catalytic reduction, which they considered to be a high molecular paraffin hydrocarbon; in the distillation it cracked and yielded low molecular cleavage products. It was concluded from this that rubber must also be a high molecular hydrocarbon. Contrary to this opinion, there was the evidence that the hydrorubber had the same appearance as rubber and dissolved readily in solvents like ether, and therefore showed essential differences from high molecular paraffins of known constitution as, for example, dimyricyl. Since hydrorubber has a branched chain, it might be thought that it differed from dimyricyl on this account. It was surprising, however, that in the reduction of butadiene rubber the hydrogenation product obtained likewise does not possess the physical properties of a high molecular paraffin hydrocarbon, although here properties similar to those of high molecular paraffins are to be expected, since a normal paraffin chain should result from the reduction of butadiene rubber. These problems were sufficient inducement for preparing hydrorubber in still another way. Berthelot had already many years ago converted rubber with hydriodic acid at an elevated temperature into paraffin hydrocarbons, which distilled above 350° without decomposition. One might assume, therefore, that there is perhaps in this substance the true hydrogenation product of rubber which was sought by Harries, whereas in catalytic hydrogenation the rubber micelle assumed by Harries is not completely split up.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

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