Optimization of the Transesterification Reaction in Biodiesel Production and Determination of Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel/Diesel Blends at Several Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2030-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael O. Santos ◽  
Ivo G. Compri ◽  
Andreia A. Morandim-Giannetti ◽  
Ricardo B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production

In-depth study of the transesterification reaction of Pongamia pinnata oil for biodiesel production using catalyst-free supercritical methanol process

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
M.J. Salar-García ◽  
F.J. Palacios-Nereo ◽  
P. Olivares-Carrillo ◽  
J. Quesada-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Catalyst Free ◽  
Depth Study

scholarly journals Strontium Oxide Deposited onto a Load-Bearable and Porous Titanium Matrix as Dynamic and High-Surface-Contact-Area Catalysis for Transesterification

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Lee ◽  
Jiunn-Der Liao ◽  
Mu Lee ◽  
Bernard Liu ◽  
Wei-En Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Strontium Oxide ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Surface Contact ◽  
Surface Contact Area ◽  
Highly Porous

Strontium oxide (SrO) deposited onto a porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffold (P-Ti) is a promising and novel approach for high-throughput transesterification. Notably, a highly porous and calcinated scaffold provides a load-bearable support for a continuous process, while the calcinated SrO catalyst, as it is well distributed inside the porous matrix, can extend its surface contact area with the reactant. In this work, the formation of transesterification reaction with the conversion and production of olive oil to biodiesel inside the porous matrix is particularly examined. The as-designed SrO-coated porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffold with 55% porosity was prepared via a hydrothermal procedure, followed by a dip coating method. Mechanical tests of samples were conducted by a nanoindentator, whereas the physical and chemical structures were identified by IR and Raman Spectroscopies. The results implied that SrO catalysts can be firmly deposited onto a load-bearable, highly porous matrix and play an effective role for the transesterification reaction with the oil mass. It is promising to be employed as a load-bearable support for a continuous transesterification process, such as a process for batch or continuous biodiesel production, under an efficient heating source by a focused microwave system.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Synthesis Monitoring using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Kamile Gelinski ◽  
Fabiane Hamerski ◽  
Marcos Lúcio Corazza ◽  
Alexandre Ferreira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
External Data ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Biodiesel Production Monitoring

Objective: Biodiesel is a renewable fuel considered as the main substitute for fossil fuels. Its industrial production is mainly made by the transesterification reaction. In most processes, information on the production of biodiesel is essentially done by off-line measurements. Methods: However, for the purpose of control, where online monitoring of biodiesel conversion is required, this is not a satisfactory approach. An alternative technique to the online quantification of conversion is the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which is fast and accurate. In this work, models for biodiesel reactions monitoring using NIR spectroscopy were developed based on the ester content during alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction between soybean oil and ethanol. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was employed as the reference method for quantification. FT-NIR spectra were acquired with a transflectance probe. The models were developed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression with synthetic samples at room temperature simulating reaction composition for different ethanol to oil molar ratios and conversions. Model predictions were then validated online for reactions performed with ethanol to oil molar ratios of 6 and 9 at 55ºC. Standard errors of prediction of external data were equal to 3.12%, hence close to the experimental error of the reference technique (2.78%), showing that even without using data from a monitored reaction to perform calibration, proper on-line predictions were provided during transesterification runs. Results: Additionally, it is shown that PLS models and NIR spectra of few samples can be combined to accurately predict the glycerol contents of the medium, making the NIR spectroscopy a powerful tool for biodiesel production monitoring.

scholarly journals Manganese carbonate-zinc glycerolate, synthesis, characterization and application as catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Zhu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Working Parameters

In this study, mixed system containing manganese carbonate (MnCO3) and zinc glycerolate (ZnGly) was synthesized, and tested as solid catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and biodiesel production. The samples of MnCO3/ZnGly before and after usage for transesterification process were characterized using different techniques: determination of basic strength, determination of specific surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), measuring the mass change using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating the solid phase content and presence of different specific elements and groups by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of different working parameters of transesterification were also investigated: temperature (438-458K), duration of transesterification (0-3.5h), methanol to oil molar ratio (12:1-36:1) and used amounts of catalyst (1-5 mass%). The reusability and stability of MnCO3/ZnGly were analyzed and obtained results showed that MnCO3/ZnGly exhibited a good activity with 100% TG conversion and 81.5% FAME yield with fresh catalyst, and can give 95-100% TG conversion and 62-78% FAME yield after 13 repeated use of same amount of catalyst without regeneration processes. Content of Mn and Zn in biodiesel and glycerol was analyzed by ICP-AAS after each reuse of catalyst.

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