Electrical Conductivity of Molten Cobalt Dibromide + Potassium Bromide Mixtures

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Wojakowska ◽  
Stanislawa Plińska ◽  
Jerzy Josiak ◽  
Edward Krzyżak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Cobalt Dibromide

Electrical Conductivity of Molten Cobalt Dibromide + Potassium Bromide Mixtures.

ChemInform ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Wojakowska ◽  
Stanislawa Plinska ◽  
Jerzy Josiak ◽  
Edward Krzyzak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Cobalt Dibromide

Electrical conductivity of fused lead bromide + potassium bromide mixtures

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Jeffery ◽  
T Mole
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Lead Bromide ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Monomer Pair

Bridge-terminal exchange of methyl groups in trimethylaluminium dimer and the exchange of methyl groups between the dimer and trimethylgallium or dimethylzinc are all interpreted as proceeding by initial rate-determining dissociation of the trimethyl-aluminium dimer to liquid-caged monomer pair. Most exchange occurs before the monomers of the pair become separated. An alternative mechanism in which exchange follows separation is rejected. ��� The choice of mechanism is based on (a) p.m.r. kinetics of exchange between trimethylgallium and trimethylaluminium in cyclopentane; (b) p.m.r. kinetics of exchange between dimethylzinc and trimethylaluminium in cyclopentane; and (c) estimates of the rate of recombination of trimethylaluminium monomer.

Phase Diagram and Electrical Conductivity of CeBr3-KBr

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Leszek Rycerz ◽  
Ewa Ingier-Stocka ◽  
Slobodan Gadzuric ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Alkali Metal Halide ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Congruently Melting ◽  
Lanthanide Halide

This paper continues our research program on lanthanide halide-alkali metal halide systems. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase equilibria of the CeBr3-KBr system. This system is characterized by the two congruently melting compounds K3CeBr6 and K2CeBr5 and the three eutectics located at the CeBr3mole fractions 0.193 (837 K), 0.295 (855 K) and 0.555 (766 K). K3CeBr6 forms at 775 K and melts congruently at 879 K with the related enthalpies 54.5 and 41.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. K2CeBr5 melts congruently at 874 K with the enthalpy 82.4 kJ mol−1. The electrical conductivity was measured of all CeBr3-KBr mixtures and of the pure components down to temperatures below solidification. The experimental determinations were conducted over the entire composition range in steps of about 10 mol%. The specific electrical conductivity decrease with increasing CeBr3 concentration, with significantly larger conductivity changes in the potassium bromide-rich region. The results are discussed in terms of possible complex formation.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

Total Body Electrical Conductivity Measurements in the Neonate

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta L. Fiorotto ◽  
William J. Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Total Body

Effect of MCl (M = Na, K) addition on microstructure and electrical conductivity of forsterite

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 10901
Author(s):  
Saloua El Asri ◽  
Hamid Ahamdane ◽  
Lahoucine Hajji ◽  
Mohamed El Hadri ◽  
Moulay Ahmed El Idrissi Raghni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Cation Type ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Forsterite single phase powder Mg2SiO4 was synthesized by sol–gel method alongside with heat treatment, using two different cation alkaline salts MCl as mineralizers (M = Na, K) with various mass percentages (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%). In this work, we report on the effect of the cation type and the added amount of used mineralizer on microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mg2SiO4. The formation of forsterite started at 680–740  °C and at 630–700  °C with KCl and NaCl respectively, as shown by TG-DTA and confirmed by XRD. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectra indicated bands corresponding to vibrations of forsterite structure. The morphology and elemental composition of sintered ceramics were examined by SEM-EDX analyses, while their densities, which were measured by Archimedes method, increased with addition of both alkaline salts. The electrical measurements were performed by Complex Impedance Spectroscopy. The results showed that electrical conductivity increased with the addition of both mineralizers, which was higher for samples prepared with NaCl than those prepared with KCl.

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