Second Cross Virial Coefficients for Interactions Involving Water. Critical Data Compilation

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Plyasunov ◽  
Everett L. Shock

The compressibilities of a num ber of organic vapours have been measured at pressures up to 1 atm. and temperatures ranging from 40 to 130° C. The observed second virial coefficients are compared with values calculated from the critical data by the Berthelot equation. The results show two distinct classes of behaviour. Class I is shown by ethane, ethylene, n -hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, diethyl ether, ethyl chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, where the measured second virial coefficients are in agreement with the calculated values. Class II by acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, methyl alcohol, where the measured second virial coefficients are consistently very much higher than the calculated values. It is concluded that the vapours of polar substances for which the energy of attraction between molecules, due to dipole interaction or to hydrogen bonding, is larger than kT undergo dim erization. This view is supported by thermal conductivity data. The range of validity of the Berthelot equation for both non-polar and polar vapours is examined.


2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Elena Colla

Modern scholars have sometimes noticed in the Lysianic speeches some affinities with characters and plots of the (New) Comedy. Through a survey of the corpus, this paper resumes the critical data, adds some new elements of similarity, not only with Comedy, but generally with literature and suggests that Lysias usually worked in this way. If so, it could be preferable to suppose that the logographer took the cue not from comedy, but from everyday life; secondarily, that he sketched characters and plots starting from the particular (his client) to the general; finally, that these artistic elements were useful to jury's persuasion and not added to a following publication.


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