Viscosities and activation energies of viscous flow of the ternary mixtures of toluene, chlorobenzene, 1-hexanol, and benzyl alcohol

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Singh ◽  
Chandreshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Ternary Mixtures

Autoignition Delay Time Measurements of Methane, Ethane, and Propane Pure Fuels and Methane-Based Fuel Blends

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Holton ◽  
P. Gokulakrishnan ◽  
M. S. Klassen ◽  
R. J. Roby ◽  
G. S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Atmospheric Flow ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Detailed Kinetics ◽  
Autoignition Delay

Autoignition delay experiments in air have been performed in an atmospheric flow reactor using typical natural gas components, namely, methane, ethane, and propane. Autoignition delay measurements were also made for binary fuel mixtures of methane/ethane and methane/propane, and ternary mixtures of methane/ethane/propane. The effect of CO2 addition to the methane-based fuel blends on autoignition delay times was also investigated. Equivalence ratios for the experiments ranged between 0.5 and 1.25, and temperatures ranged from 930 K to 1140 K. Consistent with past studies, increasing equivalence ratio and increasing inlet temperatures over these ranges decreased autoignition delay times. Furthermore, addition of 5–10% ethane or propane decreased autoignition delay time of the binary methane-based fuel by 30–50%. Further addition of either ethane or propane showed less significant reduction of autoignition delays. Addition of 5–10% CO2 slightly decreased the autoignition delay times of methane fuel mixtures. Arrhenius correlations were used to derive activation energies for the ignition of the pure fuels and their mixtures. Results show a reduction in activation energies at the higher temperatures studied, which suggests a change in ignition chemistry at very high temperatures. Measurements show relatively good agreement with predictions from a detailed kinetics mechanism, specifically developed to model ignition chemistry of C1-C3 alkanes.

Viscosities and Activation Energies of Viscous Flow of the 1,2-Ethanediol/N,N-Dimethylformamide Binary Solvent System

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Corradini ◽  
Luigi Marcheselli ◽  
Andrea Marchetti ◽  
Mara Tagliazucchi ◽  
Lorenzo Tassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Binary Solvent

Effects of viscous flow activation energies and viscosities on waterborne light-diffusion dip-coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Tian Fang ◽  
Daiyong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Flow Activation ◽  
Light Diffusion

Purpose This paper aims to prepare good waterborne light-diffusion dip-coatings (WLDDC) for the glass lampshade inner walls of LED lamp tubes, the effects of viscosities and viscous flow activation energies on these dip-coatings were investigated. Design/methodology/approach The WLDDC were prepared using white pigments, light-diffusion agents, additives and an acrylic emulsion. The dip-coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and a digital rotational viscometer, respectively. The effects of shear rates, temperatures and solids contents on the viscosities of the dip-coatings were studied. The viscous flow activation energies of these dip-coatings and the emulsion were calculated, compared and studied, respectively. Findings The results showed that the non-Newtonian behaviors of these dip-coatings were more prominent than that of the acrylic emulsion. When the temperature was maintained to be a constant and the shear rate was increased, the viscosity decreased and the shear stress increased. When the shear rate was maintained to be a constant, the viscosity decreased with increasing temperatures. The viscous flow activation energies of these dip-coatings decreased with the increasing shear rates. The higher solid contents of WLDDC were, the more its viscosity would decrease with the increasing shear rates, the more prominent its non-Newtonian behaviors would show. Practical implications A sample of good WLDDC with balanced properties was illustrated. Originality/value This investigation benefits to investigate waterborne environment-friendly dip-coatings for the inner glass walls of lamp tubes. This research provides an approach to optimize the viscosity parameters of light-diffusion dip-coatings.

scholarly journals The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Oxide-Fluoride Cryolite Mixtures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7419
Author(s):  
Pavel Arkhipov ◽  
Olga Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cryolite Ratio ◽  
Aluminum Reduction ◽  
Molten Oxide ◽  
Molten Cryolite

A new way to reduce the energy consumption during the operation of powerful aluminum reduction cells is suggested via reducing the resistance of the electrolyte, i.e., increasing its electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3 with cryolite ratio (CR) of 2.1–3.0 and content of CaF2 and Al2O3, up to 8 wt%, was measured at the temperatures from liquidus to 1300 K. Based on the experimental results, a multifunctional equation for the electrical conductivity of oxide-fluoride cryolite melts was evaluated. The experimental and calculated values of the electrical conductivity agree within 1.5%. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity of the NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3 melts was estimated. The activation energy of electrical conductivity for molten NaF-AlF3 mixtures with CR 3.0 and 2.1, determined by the most mobile cations Na+, increased from 15.8 kJ/mol up to 18.5 kJ/mol. It was found that CR had a greater impact on the activation energy than the changes in the Al2O3 or CaF2 concentrations. Based on the ratio of the activation energies of the electrical conductivity and the viscous flow, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and viscosity of molten cryolite mixtures NaF-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3 was illustrated.

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