scholarly journals Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide-Mediated Enolization of Acylated Oxazolidinones: Solvent, Cosolvent, and Isotope Effects on Competing Monomer- and Dimer-Based Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Reyes-Rodríguez ◽  
Russell F. Algera ◽  
David B. Collum
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide

Isotope Effects in Kinetic Enolate Formation from 2-Pentanoneand 2-Pentanone-1,1,1-d3

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xie ◽  
W. H. Saunders Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Kinetic Isotope Effects ◽  
Lithium Diisopropylamide ◽  
Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide ◽  
Enol Ethers ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide

2-Pentanone and 2-pentanone-1,1,1-d3 were treated with three-fold excesses of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) or lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with and without hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA, 3 mol per mol of base) at temperatures ranging from 24 to - 70 °C. The deuterium kinetic isotope effects calculated from the product ratios (measured by GLC as trimethylsilyl enol ethers) showed a range of temperature dependences: none (LDA in THF), attenuated with AH/AD = 2.53 (LHMDS in THF), and normal with AH/AD~0.6 indicating moderate tunneling (LDA and LHMDS in THF-HMPA). The variation in temperature dependence is attributed to reaction via multiple base species in which HMPA affects the equilibria between the base species.

On the relation between isotope effects on vapour pressure and molecular structure

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Lajos Matus ◽  
István Opauszky
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Isotope Effects

Vapour Pressure Isotope Effect on Evaporation from Pure Organic Phases - a PIMD Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Vasquez ◽  
Agnieszka Dybala-Defratyka
Keyword(s):  
Path Integral ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Energy Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

<p></p><p>Very often in order to understand physical and chemical processes taking place among several phases fractionation of naturally abundant isotopes is monitored. Its measurement can be accompanied by theoretical determination to provide a more insightful interpretation of observed phenomena. Predictions are challenging due to the complexity of the effects involved in fractionation such as solvent effects and non-covalent interactions governing the behavior of the system which results in the necessity of using large models of those systems. This is sometimes a bottleneck and limits the theoretical description to only a few methods.<br> In this work vapour pressure isotope effects on evaporation from various organic solvents (ethanol, bromobenzene, dibromomethane, and trichloromethane) in the pure phase are estimated by combining force field or self-consistent charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) atomistic simulations with path integral principle. Furthermore, the recently developed Suzuki-Chin path integral is tested. In general, isotope effects are predicted qualitatively for most of the cases, however, the distinction between position-specific isotope effects observed for ethanol was only reproduced by SCC-DFTB, which indicates the importance of using non-harmonic bond approximations.<br> Energy decomposition analysis performed using the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) revealed sometimes quite substantial differences in interaction energy depending on whether the studied system was treated classically or quantum mechanically. Those observed differences might be the source of different magnitudes of isotope effects predicted using these two different levels of theory which is of special importance for the systems governed by non-covalent interactions.</p><br><p></p>

Mechanism of hydration and isomerisation of 4-ethylidene-2,6-di-tert-butyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one. Kinetics, acid-base catalysis and solvent deuterium isotope effects

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Velek ◽  
Bohumír Koutek ◽  
Milan Souček
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effects ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

Competitive hydration and isomerisation of the quinone methide I at 25 °C in an aqueous medium in the region of pH 2.4-13.0 was studied spectrophotometrically. The only reaction products in the studied range of pH are 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II) and 4-hydroxystyrene (III). The form of the overall rate equation corresponds to a general acid-base catalysis. The mechanism of both reactions for three markedly separated pH regions is discussed on the basis of kinetic data and solvent deuterium effect.

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