Ensemble Methods Enable a New Definition for the Solution to Gas-Phase Transfer of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (43) ◽  
pp. 13807-13817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni J. Borysik ◽  
Denes Kovacs ◽  
Mainak Guharoy ◽  
Peter Tompa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Ensemble Methods ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered

scholarly journals Cyclic Ion Mobility – Collision Activation Experiments Elucidate Protein Behaviour in the Gas-Phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Eldrid ◽  
Jakub Ujma ◽  
Hannah Britt ◽  
Tristan Cragnolini ◽  
Symeon Kalfas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Globular Proteins ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Partially Folded States

<i>Elucidating the properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and unfolded and partially folded states of globular proteins is challenging owing to their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Protein unfolding and misfolding is a key feature of a broad range of debilitating diseases, whilst the conformational propensities of intrinsically disordered proteins can play a significant role in modulating their activity, and the properties of unfolded states of globular proteins modulates their stability and tendency to aggregate. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a powerful method for interrogating these systems, however limits in resolution and the difficulty in probing the energetics of interconversions amongst heterogeneous ensembles are major issues. Herein, using a quadrupole/cyclic-IM/ time-of-flight MS instrument, we show how the combination of precursor mass selection, mobility selection (IM<sup>n</sup>) and collisional activation (CA) allows the elucidation of complicated gas-phase dynamic behavior. The methodology employed is general and is demonstrated using a classic model globular protein, cytochrome C, and an aggregation-prone IDP, amylin. CA allows investigations of protein conformational dynamics and unfolding in the gas-phase for heterogeneous mixtures, whilst the additional precursor mass selection capability provides high resolution and selectivity, facilitating more in-depth investigation. Understanding protein dynamics in the gas-phase will allow greater insight into protein behaviour and allow application of gas-phase techniques to clinically relevant systems. </i>

scholarly journals Cyclic Ion Mobility – Collision Activation Experiments Elucidate Protein Behaviour in the Gas-Phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Eldrid ◽  
Jakub Ujma ◽  
Hannah Britt ◽  
Tristan Cragnolini ◽  
Symeon Kalfas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Globular Proteins ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Partially Folded States

<i>Elucidating the properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and unfolded and partially folded states of globular proteins is challenging owing to their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Protein unfolding and misfolding is a key feature of a broad range of debilitating diseases, whilst the conformational propensities of intrinsically disordered proteins can play a significant role in modulating their activity, and the properties of unfolded states of globular proteins modulates their stability and tendency to aggregate. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a powerful method for interrogating these systems, however limits in resolution and the difficulty in probing the energetics of interconversions amongst heterogeneous ensembles are major issues. Herein, using a quadrupole/cyclic-IM/ time-of-flight MS instrument, we show how the combination of precursor mass selection, mobility selection (IM<sup>n</sup>) and collisional activation (CA) allows the elucidation of complicated gas-phase dynamic behavior. The methodology employed is general and is demonstrated using a classic model globular protein, cytochrome C, and an aggregation-prone IDP, amylin. CA allows investigations of protein conformational dynamics and unfolding in the gas-phase for heterogeneous mixtures, whilst the additional precursor mass selection capability provides high resolution and selectivity, facilitating more in-depth investigation. Understanding protein dynamics in the gas-phase will allow greater insight into protein behaviour and allow application of gas-phase techniques to clinically relevant systems. </i>

scholarly journals Oligomerization of the tetramerization domain of p53 probed by two- and three-color single-molecule FRET

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (33) ◽  
pp. E6812-E6821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Sung Chung ◽  
Fanjie Meng ◽  
Jae-Yeol Kim ◽  
Kevin McHale ◽  
Irina V. Gopich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Ensemble Methods ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Single Molecule Fret ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Tetramerization Domain

We describe a method that combines two- and three-color single-molecule FRET spectroscopy with 2D FRET efficiency–lifetime analysis to probe the oligomerization process of intrinsically disordered proteins. This method is applied to the oligomerization of the tetramerization domain (TD) of the tumor suppressor protein p53. TD exists as a monomer at subnanomolar concentrations and forms a dimer and a tetramer at higher concentrations. Because the dissociation constants of the dimer and tetramer are very close, as we determine in this paper, it is not possible to characterize different oligomeric species by ensemble methods, especially the dimer that cannot be readily separated. However, by using single-molecule FRET spectroscopy that includes measurements of fluorescence lifetime and two- and three-color FRET efficiencies with corrections for submillisecond acceptor blinking, we show that it is possible to obtain structural information for individual oligomers at equilibrium and to determine the dimerization kinetics. From these analyses, we show that the monomer is intrinsically disordered and that the dimer conformation is very similar to that of the tetramer but the C terminus of the dimer is more flexible.

Sequence Specificity Despite Intrinsic Disorder: How a Disease-Associated Val/Met Polymorphism Shifts Tertiary Interactions in a Long Disordered Protein

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Lohia ◽  
Reza Salari ◽  
Grace Brannigan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Polymer ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

<div>The role of electrostatic interactions and mutations that change charge states in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is well-established, but many disease-associated mutations in IDPs are charge-neutral. The Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encodes a hydrophobic-to-hydrophobic mutation at the midpoint of the prodomain of precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the earliest SNPs to be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, for which the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we report on over 250 μs of fully-atomistic, explicit solvent, temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the 91 residue BDNF prodomain, for both the V66 and M66 sequence.</div><div>The simulations were able to correctly reproduce the location of both local and non-local secondary changes due to the Val66Met mutation when compared with NMR spectroscopy. We find that the local structure change is mediated via entropic and sequence specific effects. We show that the highly disordered prodomain can be meaningfully divided into domains based on sequence alone. Monte Carlo simulations of a self-excluding heterogeneous polymer, with monomers representing each domain, suggest the sequence would be effectively segmented by the long, highly disordered polyampholyte near the sequence midpoint. This is qualitatively consistent with observed interdomain contacts within the BDNF prodomain, although contacts between the two segments are enriched relative to the self-excluding polymer. The Val66Met mutation increases interactions across the boundary between the two segments, due in part to a specific Met-Met interaction with a Methionine in the other segment. This effect propagates to cause the non-local change in secondary structure around the second methionine, previously observed in NMR. The effect is not mediated simply via changes in inter-domain contacts but is also dependent on secondary structure formation around residue 66, indicating a mechanism for secondary structure coupling in disordered proteins. </div>

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