scholarly journals Force-Rate Characterization of Two Spiropyran-Based Molecular Force Probes

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (19) ◽  
pp. 6148-6151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Gossweiler ◽  
Tatiana B. Kouznetsova ◽  
Stephen L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Force ◽  
Force Probes

Spectroscopic Monitoring of Mechanical Forces during Protein Folding by using Molecular Force Probes

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Stauch ◽  
Marvin T. Hoffmann ◽  
Andreas Dreuw
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Spectroscopic Monitoring ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Force Probes

Photoreactivity Control Mediated by Molecular Force Probes in Stilbene

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina García-Iriepa ◽  
Diego Sampedro ◽  
Francisco Mendicuti ◽  
Jérémie Léonard ◽  
Luis Manuel Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Force ◽  
Force Probes

Chemomechanics with molecular force probes

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Roman Boulatov
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Strained Molecules ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Directional Motion ◽  
Restoring Forces ◽  
Highly Strained ◽  
Force Probes

Chemomechanics is an emerging area at the interface of chemistry, materials science, physics, and biology that aims at quantitative understanding of reaction dynamics in multiscale phenomena. These are characterized by correlated directional motion at multiple length scales—from molecular to macroscopic. Examples include reactions in stressed materials, in shear flows, and at propagating interfaces, the operation of motor proteins, ion pumps, and actuating polymers, and mechanosensing. To explain the up to 1015-fold variations in reaction rates in multiscale phenomena—which are incompatible within the standard models of chemical kinetics—chemomechanics relies on the concept of molecular restoring force. Molecular force probes are inert molecules that allow incremental variations in restoring forces of diverse reactive moieties over hundreds of piconewtons (pN). Extending beyond the classical studies of reactions of strained molecules, molecular force probes enable experimental explorations of how reaction rates and restoring forces are related. In this review, we will describe the utility of one such probe—stiff stilbene. Various reactive moieties were incorporated in inert linkers that constrained stiff stilbene to highly strained macrocycles. Such series provided the first direct experimental validation of the most popular chemomechanical model, demonstrated its predictive capabilities, and illustrated the diversity of relationships between reaction rates and forces.

ChemInform Abstract: Chemomechanics with Molecular Force Probes

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (37) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Roman Boulatov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Force ◽  
Force Probes

scholarly journals Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 373-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens A. Lundbæk ◽  
Shemille A. Collingwood ◽  
Helgi I. Ingólfsson ◽  
Ruchi Kapoor ◽  
Olaf S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Membrane Protein Function ◽  
Force Probes

Membrane protein function is regulated by the host lipid bilayer composition. This regulation may depend on specific chemical interactions between proteins and individual molecules in the bilayer, as well as on non-specific interactions between proteins and the bilayer behaving as a physical entity with collective physical properties (e.g. thickness, intrinsic monolayer curvature or elastic moduli). Studies in physico-chemical model systems have demonstrated that changes in bilayer physical properties can regulate membrane protein function by altering the energetic cost of the bilayer deformation associated with a protein conformational change. This type of regulation is well characterized, and its mechanistic elucidation is an interdisciplinary field bordering on physics, chemistry and biology. Changes in lipid composition that alter bilayer physical properties (including cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, other lipid metabolites and amphiphiles) regulate a wide range of membrane proteins in a seemingly non-specific manner. The commonality of the changes in protein function suggests an underlying physical mechanism, and recent studies show that at least some of the changes are caused by altered bilayer physical properties. This advance is because of the introduction of new tools for studying lipid bilayer regulation of protein function. The present review provides an introduction to the regulation of membrane protein function by the bilayer physical properties. We further describe the use of gramicidin channels as molecular force probes for studying this mechanism, with a unique ability to discriminate between consequences of changes in monolayer curvature and bilayer elastic moduli.

scholarly journals A Modular Approach to Mechanically Gated Photoswitching with Color-Tunable Molecular Force Probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Barber ◽  
Maxwell J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Color Tunable ◽  
Force Probes

Molecular force probes conveniently report on mechanical stress and/or strain in polymers through straightforward visual cues. Unlike conventional mechanochromic mechanophores, the mechanically gated photoswitching strategy decouples mechanochemical activation from the...

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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