Mechanisms and Dynamics of Synthetic and Biosynthetic Formation of Delitschiapyrones: Solvent Control of Ambimodal Periselectivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yike Zou ◽  
K. N. Houk
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Control

scholarly journals Levosimendan as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuroinflammation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017504
Author(s):  
Stefan Wanderer ◽  
Lukas Andereggen ◽  
Jan Mrosek ◽  
Sepide Kashefiolasl ◽  
Gerrit Alexander Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Prostaglandin F2alpha ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BackgroundPoor patient outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occur due to a multifactorial process, mainly involving cerebral inflammation (CI), delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), and delayed cerebral ischemia, followed by neurodegeneration. CI is mainly triggered by enhanced synthesis of serotonin (5-HT), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2a), and cytokines such as interleukins. Levosimendan (LV), a calcium-channel sensitizer, has already displayed anti-inflammatory effects in patients with severe heart failure. Therefore, we wanted to elucidate its potential anti-inflammatory role on the cerebral vasculature after SAH.MethodsExperimental SAH was induced by using an experimental double-hemorrhage model. Sprague Dawley rats were harvested on day 3 and day 5 after the ictus. The basilar artery was used for isometric investigations of the muscular media tone. Vessel segments were either preincubated with LV or without, with precontraction performed with 5-HT or PGF2a followed by application of acetylcholine (ACh) or LV.ResultsAfter preincubation with LV 10−4 M and 5-HT precontraction, ACh triggered a strong vasorelaxation in sham segments (LV 10−4 M, Emax 65%; LV 10−5 M, Emax 48%; no LV, Emax 53%). Interestingly, SAH D3 (LV 10−4, Emax 76%) and D5 (LV 10−4, Emax 79%) segments showed greater vasorelaxation compared with sham. An LV series after PGF2a precontraction showed significantly enhanced relaxation in the sham (P=0.004) and SAH groups (P=0.0008) compared with solvent control vessels.ConclusionsLV application after SAH seems to beneficially influence DCVS by antagonizing 5-HT- and PGF2a-triggered vasoconstriction. Considering this spasmolytic effect, LV might have a role in the treatment of SAH, additionally in selected patients suffering takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Reproductive failure of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) after exposure to an exogenous estrogen

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. McGree ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
Nicole  K.M.  Vieira ◽  
Alan  M.  Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Cyprinella Lutrensis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been detected in surface waters worldwide and can lead to developmental and reproductive disruption in exposed fishes. In the US Great Plains, EDCs are impacting streams and rivers and may be causing adverse reproductive effects. To examine how estrogenic EDCs might affect reproductive success of plains fishes, we experimentally exposed male red shiners ( Cyprinella lutrensis ) to exogenous 17β-estradiol. We characterized the effects of estradiol on male gonadal histology and secondary sexual characteristics, determined whether exposure reduced reproductive success, and examined the effects of depuration. Adults were exposed to a mean concentration of 70 ng·L−1 estradiol, a solvent control, or a water control for at least 83 days. Male exposure to estradiol resulted in elevated plasma vitellogenin concentrations, changes in spermatogenesis, reduced mating coloration and tubercles, altered mating behaviors, and reduced reproductive success with no viable progeny produced. Reproductive endpoints improved upon depuration (28 days). Exposure to estradiol had significant adverse effects on red shiners, indicating that wild populations may face developmental and reproductive difficulties if they are chronically exposed to estradiol.

Solvent control of optical resolution of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol using dehydroabietic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Taniguchi ◽  
Marie Aruga ◽  
Mikio Yasutake ◽  
Takuji Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Optical Resolution ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Solvent Control

scholarly journals THE ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CURANGA FEL-TERRAE LEAVES ON ASCARIDIA GALLI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Popi Patilaya ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Imam Bagus Sumantri
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Solvent Control

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of ethanol extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves on Ascaridia galli.Methods: Extract of C. fel-terrae was prepared by percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. To observe anthelmintic effects, A. galli wasexposed to the plant extract solutions in different concentrations at room temperature for 72 hrs. Sodium chloride 0.9%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, and albendazole 0.1% were served as negative control, solvent control, and positive control, respectively. The anthelmintic effectswere determined by observing the time taken for paralysis and the time taken for death of A. galli during experiment.Results: The results demonstrated that there were no different effects between negative and solvent controls. However, the ethanol extract ofC. fel-terrae leaves exhibited significantly paralysis and death effects toward A. galli. The plant extracts at the concentration of 100 mg/ml showedsimilar anthelmintic effects with albendazole 0.1%. This study also indicated that the paralysis and death effects of plant extract were shorter whenthe worms exposed with the concentration above of 100 mg/ml.Conclusion: This study indicated that the ethanol extract of C. fel-terrae leaves has potential anthelmintic effects on A. galli.Keywords: Curanga fel-terrae, Ascaridia galli, Anthelmintic, Helminthiasis, Ascariasis. 

scholarly journals Effect of Rat C6 Glioma Cells in Varying Concentrations of Cultured in Isorhamnetin

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAN Rui-rui
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Solvent Control

Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of isorhamnetin on C6 rat glioma cells in vitro from January 2015 to June 2015. Methods: The blank control group, blank solvent control group and four concentration groups were used to observe the cell growth status under a microscope. MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the effect of isorhamnetin on C6 glioma cells in vitro and the cell inhibition rate And survival rate were measured. The apoptotic and apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry in the treatment group and the control group. The relationship between the different concentrations of isorhamnetin and C6 glioma cell apoptosis was analyzed the total protein was extracted and the total AKT protein and Ser473 AKT protein content were detected by Western blotting. The rat model of glioma was constructed by SD rats.Five days of isorhamnetin was continuously fed and the plasma was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography,liver, brain tissue isorhamnetin content. 

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