Defect Engineering Enables Synergistic Action of Enzyme-Mimicking Active Centers for High-Efficiency Tumor Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Wenbo Sun ◽  
Chunhuan Jiang ◽  
Lehui Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Enzyme Mimicking

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

Interface and Defect Engineering Enable Fast and High-efficiency Li Extraction of Metatitanic Acid Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
pp. 130550
Author(s):  
Xinghong Pu ◽  
Xinhe Du ◽  
Peng Jing ◽  
Yunhong Wei ◽  
Guochuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Metatitanic Acid

Defect engineering on all-inorganic perovskite solar cells for high efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 050203
Author(s):  
Bingcheng Yu ◽  
Chuantian Zuo ◽  
Jiangjian Shi ◽  
Qingbo Meng ◽  
Liming Ding
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite

Methylammonium Triiodide for Defect Engineering of High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 3650-3660
Author(s):  
Essa A. Alharbi ◽  
Anurag Krishna ◽  
Thomas P. Baumeler ◽  
Mathias Dankl ◽  
George C. Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Defect Engineering

Supramolecular hydrogel containing multi-generation poly(L-lysine) dendrons for sustained co-delivery of docetaxel and matrix metallopeptidase-9 short hairpin RNA plasmid

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Yang ◽  
Shixin Liu ◽  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Dong Ma ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Supramolecular Hydrogel ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Cell Inhibition

To obtain an efficient drug and gene co-delivery hydrogel, methoxy polyethylene glycol was reacted with the caprolactone units to form the MPEG-PCL block copolymer through the polymerization reaction, which is amphiphilic and can load the hydrophobic drugs. Then, MPEG-PCL conjugated with a multi-generation poly(L-lysine) dendron to form the guest molecule MPEG-PCL-PLLD. After interacted with α-cyclodextrin through host–guest inclusion, the drug and gene dual carrier of supramolecular hydrogel was obtained. The physical properties of the hydrogel, such as the gelation time, the hydrogel strength, or its shear viscosity, could be modulated by the hose molecule of α-cyclodextrin content. MPEG-PCL-PLLD could co-load the drug and gene effectively. After gelation, the loaded drug and gene could be released sustainedly, and the release rate of them was also modulated by the α-cyclodextrin content. The supramolecular hydrogel showed a sustained effect on tumor cells and could induce the cell apoptosis sustainedly. Moreover, the co-delivery strategy was superior to only drug or gene used in tumor cell inhibition. This supramolecular hydrogel as the high-efficiency and sustained co-delivery system showed a promising application in a long-term tumor therapy.

Multi-functional rare earth-containing polyoxometalates achieving high-efficiency tumor therapy and visual fluorescence monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hong Li ◽  
Wei-Lin Chen ◽  
Yang-Guang Li ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Yao Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy

Applications of ROS-Induced Zr-MOFs Platform in Multimodal Synergistic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongjie Ding ◽  
Yiwei Liu ◽  
Chuncheng Shi ◽  
Jifei Xiao ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Performance

Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibited the adjustable aperture, high load capacities, tailorable structures, and excellent biocompatibilities that have used to be as drug delivery carries in cancer therapy. Until now, Zr-MOFs in particular combine optimal stability towards hydrolysis and postsynthetic modification with low toxicity, and are widely studied for its excellent biological performance. Introduction: This review comprises the exploration of Zr-MOFs as drug delivery devices (DDSs) with focus on various new methods, including chemotherapy (CT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), sonodynamic therapy(SDT), radiotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and related combined therapies, which all generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve the high efficiency of tumor therapy. Conclusion: We described and summarized these pertinent examples of the therapeutic mechanisms and highlight the antitumor effects of their biological application both in vitro and in vivo. The perspectives on their future applications and analogous challenge of the Zr-MOFs materials are given.

High-Efficiency Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy via the Synergistic Action of H2O2 and K+ Under Alkaline Conditions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbang Deng ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Linmao Qian
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Tc4 Alloy

Abstract Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy has been widely used for implants, and excellent surface quality is required for satisfactory performance. In this study, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was introduced to process TC4 alloy. H2O2 and K+ were used to enhance the CMP efficiency. It is revealed that, at pH 10, the material removal rate (MRR) of TC4 alloy increases with the increasing H2O2. A synergistic action between H2O2 and K+ exists under alkaline conditions. With H2O2 and at pH 10, as the K+ concentration increases, the MRR of TC4 alloy first increases and then levels off. The anions have little influence on the CMP performance. After polishing, the surface is smooth without scratches, and the substrate underneath the surface film has no processing damage. For the synergistic action, K+ ions are adsorbed on the Stern layer of the TC4 alloy surface and the silica particles, screening the surface negative charge. Firstly, OOH- produced from H2O2 and OH- can approach the TC4 alloy surface easily, promoting the corrosion. Secondly, more silica particles come into contact with the TC4 alloy surface, enhancing the interactions. Therefore, the MRR increases. The research work brings about a promising high-efficiency CMP process for titanium alloys.

scholarly journals Efficient Synthesis of Biodiesel Catalyzed by Chitosan-Based Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anping Wang ◽  
Wenxuan Quan ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Catalysts play an important role in the preparation of biodiesel. It is of great significance to study catalysts with high efficiency, low cost, and easy preparation. Compared with the homogeneous catalyst system, the heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and has a better catalytic effect. In heterogeneous catalysts, supports and preparation methods have important effects on the dispersion of active centers and the overall performance of catalysts. However, the supports of existing solid catalysts have defects in porosity, structural uniformity, stability, and specific surface area, and the preparation methods cannot stabilize covalent bonds or ionic bonds to bind catalytic sites. Considering the activity, preparation method, and cost of the catalyst, biomass-based catalyst is the best choice, but the specific surface area of the biomass-based catalyst is relatively low, the distribution of active centers is uneven, and it is easy to lose. Therefore, the hybrid carrier of biomass-based catalyst and other materials can not only improve the specific surface area but also make the distribution of active centers uniform and the catalytic activity better. Based on this, we summarized the application of chitosan hybrid material catalysts in biodiesel. The preparation, advantages and disadvantages, reaction conditions, and so on of chitosan-based catalysts were mainly concerned. At the same time, exploring the effects of different types of chitosan-based catalysts on the preparation of biodiesel and exploring the process technology with high efficiency and low consumption is the focus of this paper.

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