Unsymmetrical Azo Initiators Increase Efficiency of Radical Generation in Aqueous Dispersions, Liposomal Membranes, and Lipoproteins

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (17) ◽  
pp. 4032-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Culbertson ◽  
Ned A. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Liposomal Membranes ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Azo Initiators ◽  
Increase Efficiency

Microstructural morphology of sphingolipid dispersions as investigated by freeze-fracture EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 944-945
Author(s):  
Vitthal S. Kulkarni ◽  
Wayne H. Anderson ◽  
Rhoderick E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acyl Moiety ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The biological significance of the sphingomyelins (SM) and monoglycosylated sphingolipids like galactosylceramides (GalCer) are well documented Our recent investigation showed tubular bilayers in the aqueous dispersions of N-nervonoyl GalCer [N-(24:lΔ15,cls) GalCer] (a major fatty acyl moiety of natural GalCer). To determine the influence of lipid head groups on the resulting mesophasic morphology, we investigated microstructural self-assemblies of N-nervonoyl-SM [N-(24:1 Δ15,cls) SM; the second most abundant sphingomyelin in mammalian cell membranes], 1- palmitoyl-2-nervonoyl phosphatidylcholine [PNPC] (the lipid species with the same acyl chain configuration as in N-(24: 1) GalCer) and also compared it with egg-SM by freeze-fracture EM.Procedures for synthesizing and purifying N-(24:1) GalCer, N-(24:1) SM, and PNPC have been reported . Egg-SM was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster AL. All lipids were >99% pure as checked by thin layer chromatography. Lipid dispersions were prepared by hydrating dry lipid with phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) at 80-90°C (3-5 min), vigorously vortexing (1 min) and repeating this procedure for three times prior to three freeze-thaw cycles.

Bitcoin Management in the Digital World Era of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Tu Uyen
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Increase Efficiency

Launched in 2009, Bitcoin is increasingly accepted and used more widely. With many advantages, Bitcoin has brought opportunities and challenges to the financial and noney market. Bitcoin has been accepted by many countries as a valid payment method such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia and so on. In Vietnam, Bitcoin has been introduced and has formed a community of users as well as developed the support platforms. However, Vietnam has not had the specific research and legal framework for this kind of currency to control it effectively. The paper analyzes the benefits as well as the risk of using Bitcoin. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes on effecting of Bitcoin on the financial and monetary market, socio economic and proposes some solutions to increase efficiency in Bitcoin management in Vietnam.

Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bůžek ◽  
Slavomír Adamec ◽  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Jan Demel
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

Visible-Light Photosensitized Aryl and Alkyl Decarboxylative Carbon-Heteroatom and Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Patra ◽  
Satobhisha Mukherjee ◽  
Jiajia Ma ◽  
Felix Strieth-Kalthoff ◽  
Frank Glorius
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Alkyl Radical ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Alkyl Radicals ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Radical Trapping ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Trapping Agent

<sub>A general strategy to access both aryl and alkyl radicals by photosensitized decarboxylation of the corresponding carboxylic acids esters has been developed. An energy transfer mediated homolysis of unsymmetrical sigma-bonds for a concerted fragmentation/decarboxylation process is involved. As a result, an independent aryl/alkyl radical generation step enables a series of key C-X and C-C bond forming reactions by simply changing the radical trapping agent.</sub>

In-vivo anti-oxidant screening of Tectona grandis extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi G P ◽  
Sabarees G
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation

Oxidation is an essential reaction in the human body, which determines the expression of proteins in the body. This results in the altered expression like rapid growth resulting in cancers and other disorders. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market that is effective in limiting the free radical generation and the reaction of radicals with cells. Unfortunately, all those synthetic drugs were found to cause side effects and adverse effects in the body. But given the accuracy of the predictability of the results and administration, this research focuses on testing the anti-oxidant efficiency in rat models testing the biochemical parameters. Investigations have also been done on the anti-oxidant activity of Tectona, but every research was concentrated to prove the anti-oxidant activity only. extract had been tested for anti-oxidant activity by estimating various tissue parameters and it showed better activity. As predicted, there is a significant difference in the and results which can be explained are due to the physiological conditions that exist inside the body.

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