Multiple Equilibrium Analysis Description of Adsorption on Na−Mordenite and H−Mordenite

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (51) ◽  
pp. 12127-12139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Edwin Webster ◽  
Andrew Cottone ◽  
Russell S. Drago
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium Analysis

scholarly journals Priority Pricing for Efficient Resource Usage of Mobile Internet Access

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4083
Author(s):  
Sung-woo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Internet Access ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium ◽  
Resource Usage ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Priority Pricing

Radio-frequency spectrum resources are finite and scarce, but their demand is increasing exponentially every year. Therefore, wireless network resources are too expensive to be wasted. To avoid waste, pricing techniques can efficiently control resource usage and manage user needs in networks. This study focuses on QoS-aware pricing for usage-based mobile Internet access charging. Specifically, I propose a heuristic algorithm for priority pricing with multiple service levels. The proposed algorithm is built on top of the existing equilibrium analysis methods. While being extensively studied for optimal price selection, the equilibrium methods make a few unrealistic assumptions, and so my methods adjust the solutions of the equilibrium methods to account for distortions that the real world creates. The evaluation results indicate that multiple equilibrium prices may exist, and the proposed scheme produces a pricing plan that is substantially more effective than existing equilibrium methods.

Comments on "Shadow Pricing and Macroeconomic Analysis: Some Illustrations from Pakistan" by Squire et al.

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
T. N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Shadow Pricing ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity

The paper is too long for conveying the message that shadow pricing used as a method of analysis in micro-economic issues of project selection is also useful for analysing macro-economic issues, such as foreign and domestic borrowing by the government, emigration, etc. Much of the methodological discussion in the paper is available in a readily accessible form in several publications of each of the coauthors; In contrast, the specific application of the methodology to Pakistani problems is much too cavalier. While it is hard to disagree with the authors' claim that shadow pricing "constitutes a relatively informal attempt to capture general equilibrium effects" (p. 89, emphasis added), their depiction of traditional analysis is a bit of a caricature: essentially it sets up a strawman to knock down. After all in the traditional partial equilibrium analysis, the caveat is always entered that the results are possibly sensitive to violation of the ceteris paribus assumptions of the analysis, though often the analysts will claim that extreme sensitivity is unlikely. Analogously, the shadow pricing method presumes "stationarity" of shadow prices in the sense that they are “independent of policy changes under review" (p. 90). The essential point to be noted is that the validity of this assertion or of the "not too extreme sensitivity" assertion of partial equilibrium analysts can be tested only with a full scale general equilibrium model! At any rate this reviewer would not pose the issue as one of traditional partial equilibrium macro-analysis versus shadow pricing as an approximate general equilibrium analysis, but would prefer a description of project analysis as an approach in which a macro-general equilibrium model of a manageable size (implicit or explicit) is used to derive a set of key shadow prices which are then used in a detailed micro-analysis of projects.

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