THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ESTERS IN CITRUS OILS AND EXTRACTS.

1915 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2382-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Albright ◽  
Charles O. Young
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Esters

A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Esters

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
Ferric Ion ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Ferric Hydroxamate ◽  
Volatile Esters

The colorimetric method of Hill, based on conversion of esters to hydroxamic acids which form red complexes with ferric ion, has been adapted for the estimation of volatile esters. Investigation of the factors influencing the two reactions involved has led to a satisfactory procedure for esters derived from acids with an unbranched chain of two to ten carbon atoms and esters of isobutyric and isovaleric acids. The degree of conversion to ferric hydroxamate complexes has been found by reference to pure hydroxamic acids. The absorption spectra of the ferric hydroxamate complexes from all the esters examined show a maximum absorption at 520 mμ. Hence a mixture of esters may be estimated in terms of one of the esters.

scholarly journals Volatile Products of Apples II. Production of Volatile Esters by Granny Smith Apples

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne R Thompson ◽  
FE Huelin
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Products ◽  
Volatile Esters

Granny Smith apples were stored at oce., and samples were removed at intervals for determination of volatile ester production at 20oe.

Determination of Esters in Whisky by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
Glenn E Martin ◽  
Robert L Schoeneman ◽  
Howard L Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Esters

Abstract A rapid and direct method has been developed for the determination of ethyl acetate in whisky by gas-liquid chromatography. Volatile esters are comprised mainly of ethyl acetate, but in addition, traces of methyl acetate are present.

Galactic orbits of stars

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Richard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy

It is now possible to determine proper motions of high-velocity objects in such a way as to obtain with some accuracy the velocity vector relevant to the Sun. If a potential field of the Galaxy is assumed, one can compute an actual orbit. A determination of the velocity of the globular clusterωCentauri has recently been completed at Greenwich, and it is found that the orbit is strongly retrograde in the Galaxy. Similar calculations may be made, though with less certainty, in the case of RR Lyrae variable stars.

Distance to SN 1987A and the LMC

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Nino Panagia
Keyword(s):  
Angular Size ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Sn 1987A

Using the new reductions of the IUE light curves by Sonneborn et al. (1997) and an extensive set of HST images of SN 1987A we have repeated and improved Panagia et al. (1991) analysis to obtain a better determination of the distance to the supernova. In this way we have derived an absolute size of the ringRabs= (6.23 ± 0.08) x 1017cm and an angular sizeR″ = 808 ± 17 mas, which give a distance to the supernovad(SN1987A) = 51.4 ± 1.2 kpc and a distance modulusm–M(SN1987A) = 18.55 ± 0.05. Allowing for a displacement of SN 1987A position relative to the LMC center, the distance to the barycenter of the Large Magellanic Cloud is also estimated to bed(LMC) = 52.0±1.3 kpc, which corresponds to a distance modulus ofm–M(LMC) = 18.58±0.05.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

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