Distribution of Zirconium and Hafnium between Cation-exchange Resin and Acid Solutions. The Column Separation with Nitric Acid-Citric Acid Mixture*

1954 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2036-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Benedict ◽  
Walter C. Schumb ◽  
Charles D. Coryell
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Column Separation

Study on Synthesis of Ester of Citric Acid and Palmityl Alcohol

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 361-364
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Wang ◽  
Xi Hua Du ◽  
Li Min Dong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Toluene Sulfonic Acid

Esters of Citric acid and palmityl alcohol were synthesized by esterification reaction under catalysis of cation exchange resin and P-toluene sulfonic acid respectively. The effects of amount of catalyst, ratio of raw materials, reaction time and temperature on the synthesis reaction were investigated . The experimental results showed that optimum of process conditions were 1:1~1:1.5 molar ratio of citric acid and palmityl alcohol, reaction temperature of 130~140°C, reaction time of 2 h. Conversion of palmityl alcohol were all more than 90% under 0.3% dosage using p-toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst, or 0.5% dosage using 721 cation exchange resin with sulfonic acid type as catalyst. The synthesized product had good surface activity.

SELECTION OF A CATION EXCHANGE RESIN TO PRODUCE LACTIC ACID SOLUTIONS FROM WHEY FERMENTATION BROTHS

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESUSA RINCON ◽  
JUAN FUERTES ◽  
JUAN F. RODRIGUEZ ◽  
LOURDES RODRIGUEZ ◽  
JOSE M. MONTEAGUDO
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Fermentation Broths ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of chelating agents on the later break yields of Agaricus bisporus

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Break Yield

It has been hypothesized that substances that accumulate during the mushroom cropping period are responsible for decreased yields as a mushroom crop ages. The objective of this study was to determine whether chelators added to compost substrate at spawning would affect the later break yield of Agaricus bisporus. Different types of chelators were used to determine if specific ions were involved. Supplemented compost receiving hypnum peat, IR120 (sodium saturated) cation exchange resin, ethyleneglycol tetra-acetic, and citric acid significantly increased later break yield. However, IR120 (hydrogen saturated) cation exchange resin, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic and sphagnum peat moss added to supplemented compost at spawning did not significantly increase yield in later breaks. These results suggest the accumulation of calcium or another cation may inhibit later break yields. Key words: Agaricus bisporus, hypnum peat, ion exchange resins, chelation, citric acid.

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