Elimination Reactions in Cyclic Systems. III. Mechanism of the Formation of 1-Phenylcyclohexene from Trimethyl-trans-2-phenylcyclohexyl-ammonium Hydroxide

1955 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
pp. 6706-6707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Weinstock ◽  
F. G. Bordwell
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Cyclic Systems ◽  
Elimination Reactions

Elimination Reactions in Cyclic Systems. VI. Reaction of Iodide Ion with Cyclic trans-Dibromides

1956 ◽  
Vol 78 (23) ◽  
pp. 6072-6075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Weinstock ◽  
Sheldon N. Lewis ◽  
F. G. Bordwell
Keyword(s):  
Iodide Ion ◽  
Cyclic Systems ◽  
Elimination Reactions

Fine MCP Decapsulation Technology Development

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Taekoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Tetra Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Die Surface

Abstract Multi-Chip Package (MCP) decapsulation is now becoming a rising problem. Because for traditional decapsulation method, acid can’t dissolve the top silicon die to expose the bottom die surface in MCP. It makes inspecting the bottom die in MCP is difficult. In this paper, a new MCP decapsulation technology combining mechanical polishing with chemical etching is introduced. This new technology can remove the top die quickly without damaging the bottom die using KOH and Tetra-Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH). The technology process and relative application are presented. The factors that affect the KOH and TMAH etch rate are studied. The usage difference between the two etchant is discussed.

Development and Validation of Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Impurities in the Sterile Mixture of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 762-775
Author(s):  
Ramu Ivaturi ◽  
Thuttagunta Manikya Sastry ◽  
Satyaveni Sunkara
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Background: Cefoperazone Sulbactam injection is a cephalosporin antibiotic with a β- lactamase inhibitor used in the treatment for intra abdominal infections, Urinary track infections, surgical infections, etc. The combination is not official in any of the pharmacopeia for their content and impurities determination. Introduction: The present study involves the development of a simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of Cefoperazone Sulbactam mixture and its impurities in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: 0.005 M Tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide buffer solution pH adjusted to 6.80 and Acetonitrile combination has been used in a gradient programme with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The retention time of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam were observed at around 8.5 and 19.5 minutes respectively. The UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 230 nm. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Waters xbridge C18-150*4.6 mm, 3.5 µm HPLC column. The method has been validated according to the current International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the method validation parameters such as Specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity. Results: The validation results indicate that the method is specific, as the known impurities and other impurities formed during the forced degradation studies were not co-eluting with the main components. Moreover, all these impurities were found to be spectrally pure, proving the stability indicating power of the method. The linearity and range of the method is in the range of 0.01-150%, highly accurate (100.2%), precise (<1%) and robust. Conclusion: The proposed method was accurate and specific for the quantitative analysis of Cefoperazone and Sulbactam and their related impurities in the sterile mixture. Hence the proposed method can be used for the quantification of impurities in routine as well as stability analysis in the development as well as quality control laboratories.

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