Solvents Having High Dielectric Constants. III. Solutions of Sodium and Potassium Halides in N-Methylpropionamide and in N-Methylbutyramide from 30 to 60°1a,b

1957 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle R. Dawson ◽  
Richard H. Graves ◽  
Paul G. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Halides

Electron microscopy studies of PZT ferroelectric film capacitor structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365
Author(s):  
V. Kaushik ◽  
P. Maniar ◽  
J. Olowolafe ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Lead Zirconium Titanate ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Film Capacitor ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
High Dielectric

Lead zirconium titanate films (Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 or PZT) are being considered for potential application as dielectric films in memory technology due to their high dielectric constants. PZT is a ferroelectric material which shows spontaneous polarizability, reversible under applied electric fields. We report herein some results of TEM studies on thin film capacitor structures containing PZT films with platinum-titanium electrodes.The wafers had a stacked structure consisting of PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate as shown in Figure 1. Platinum acts as electrode material and titanium is used to overcome the problem of platinum adhesion to the oxide layer. The PZT (0/20/80) films were deposited using a sol-gel method and the structure was annealed at 650°C and 800°C for 30 min in an oxygen ambient. XTEM imaging was done at 200KV with the electron beam parallel to <110> zone axis of silicon.Figure 2 shows the PZT and Pt layers only, since the structure had a tendency to peel off at the Ti-Pt interface during TEM sample preparation.

The Urbach Rule for the Sodium- and Potassium-Halides

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiko Tomiki ◽  
Takeo Miyata ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Acoustic Phonon ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Exciton Peak ◽  
Urbach Rule ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Hole Band ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Halides

Phenomenological and physical aspects of the intrinsic tail spectra of the alkalihalides are studied referring to the new results on the intrinsic tail spectra of KBr and KI and to the temperature dependences of the lowest-energy Γ-exciton peak of the sodium- and potassium-halides. Systematically analysing the temperature dependence of the steepness parameter σs (T) of the Urbach rule for these halides, it is found that the frequency factor has the value nearly equal to the acoustic phonon energy at X or L of each host lattice and the steepness constant σs0 becomes larger in passing from fluoride to iodide. This halogen dependence of σs0 is discussed in terms of the hole band-mass of the Γ8-level.

scholarly journals The diamagnetic susceptibilities of salts forming ions with inert gas configurations II-The alkaline halides

1935 ◽  
Vol 152 (876) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Brindley ◽  
F. E. Hoare ◽  
Richard Whiddington
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline State ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Halides

The data so far published on the diamagnetic susceptibilities of the alkaline halides, measured for the salts in the crystalline state, are very discordant and incomplete, as reference to Table I will show. The aim in carrying out these experiments has been twofold: firstly, to obtain a complete set of values for these salts and secondly to examine more closely than has hitherto been possible how rigorously the susceptibilities of simple crystalline salts are additive. It has already been established that the susceptibilities are approximately additive, but it has not been possible to test this with exactitude because of ( a ) the large discrepancies between the results obtained by previous observers, and ( b ) the lack of data for many crystals. The discrepancies may have arisen to some extent from the different experimental methods, some of which are more accurate than others and some of which may introduce errors peculiar to themselves. We have therefore made a complete re-determination of the susceptibilities of all the alkaline halides, using the same apparatus and method under the same conditions. Since any systematic experi-mental errors will affect all our results to approximately the same extent, we shall be in a stronger position for testing the additivity of the susceptibilities than if we rely partly on our own and partly on other observers’ results. Previous investigators have measured the susceptibilities of some compounds in the crystalline state and others in solution; the latter are of no help in connexion with our problem, for an examination of the available data suggests that solutions have susceptibilities higher by several per cent, than the corresponding crystals. We cannot, therefore, arrive at any certain conclusion by using results obtained partly for crystals and partly for solutions. 2—Method The method previously described has been used to obtain a complete set of values for the susceptibilities of the alkaline halides. Although slight modifications have been made from time to time, the apparatus has remained, in essentials, the same as when used for the measurement of the susceptibilities of the sodium and potassium halides.

LIMITING CONDUCTANCE OF LYONIUM AND LYATE IONS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Proton Mobility ◽  
Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
Ice Leads ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded Systems ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Strong Acids

The problem of proton mobility has been considered in H2O–CH3OH, H2O–D2O, and H2O–H2O2 solvents from the current viewpoint of the mechanism of proton mobility for aqueous solutions. Mixed solvents are more complicated in that one must consider the relative basicity and acidity of the species competing for the protons. It is concluded that for dilute solutions of HClO4, where water is replaced by hydrogen peroxide, the decrease in equivalent conductance relative to that of KCl in the same solvent mixture is due to the partial elimination of the proton transfer process.For highly acidic non-aqueous solvents of high dielectric constants such as HF, HCN, and HCOOH, the problem of the weakness of the usual "strong" acids of aqueous solution makes a direct determination of the limiting equivalent conductances difficult. In the case of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride the available experimental evidence indicates that the limiting conductance of the lyonium ion is approximately the same as that of the potassium ion but the lyate ion has a higher limiting conductance than other stable anions.The higher proton mobility in ice leads one to expect that hydrogen-bonded systems may be found where the conductivity may approach that of electronic semiconductors.

Interplay of Lewis acidity, intramolecular O→Sn interactions and selectivity: organotin-functionalized crown ethers as ditopic hosts for sodium and potassium halides

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Charly Tagne Kuate ◽  
Muhammad Moazzam Naseer ◽  
Michael Lutter ◽  
Klaus Jurkschat
Keyword(s):  
Crown Ethers ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Potassium Halides

Not only ditopic complexation, but also selectivity has been realized by increasing the Lewis acidity of tin atom in organotin-functionalized crown ethers.

New Perovskite Nanomaterials and Their Integrations into High-k Dielectrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000072-000077
Author(s):  
Minoru Osada ◽  
Takayoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Electrode ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Layered Perovskite ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
High K ◽  
High K Dielectric ◽  
High Dielectric

We report on a bottom-up manufacturing for high-k dielectric films using a novel nanomaterial, namely, a perovskite nanosheet (LaNb2O7) derived from a layered perovskite by exfoliation. Solution-based layer-by-layer assembly of perovskite nanosheets is effective for room-temperature fabrication of high-k nanocapacitors, which are directly assembled on a SrRuO3 bottom electrode with an atomically sharp interface. These nanocapacitors exhibit high dielectric constants (k &gt; 50) for thickness down to 5 nm while eliminating problems resulting from the size effect. We also investigate dielectric properties of perovskite nanosheets with different compositions (LaNb2O7, La0.95Eu0.05Nb2O7, and Eu0.56Ta2O7) in order to study the influence of A- and B-site modifications on dielectric properties.

A Reusable 3D Printed Cavity Resonator for Liquid Sample Characterization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000389-000392
Author(s):  
Saranraj Karuppuswami ◽  
Saikat Mondal ◽  
Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Premjeet Chahal
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Cavity Resonator ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
High Dielectric

Abstract In this paper, additive manufacturing (3D printing) is used to fabricate and demonstrate a reusable microfluidic coupled rectangular cavity resonator for characterizing liquids in small volumes. The designed cavity operates in the fundamental TE101 mode and resonates at 4.12 GHz. The resonance of the cavity is perturbed by the sample placed in a small volume sample holder through a slot in the top cover. Two different perturbation configurations are investigated: i) strongly coupled (liquids with low to medium dielectric constants), and ii) weakly coupled (liquids with medium to high dielectric constant). The sample holder is loaded with different solvents and the shift in the resonance frequency is monitored. Based on these changes, the dielectric constant of the solvent is theoretically estimated and compared to standard values. The reusable liquid sensor holds significant potential in identifying and quantifying unknown liquid samples in the supply chain.

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