THE TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE AND BROMIDE

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

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Effect of cadmium chloride on some parameters of heme metabolism in rats under modulation of NO radicals level

Annales UMCS Pharmacia ◽

10.2478/v10080-008-0125-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

Pavlo Kaliman ◽

Iryna Nikitchenko ◽

Olga pavychenko

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Heme Metabolism

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HKUST-1@IL-Li Solid-state Electrolyte with 3D Ionic Channels and Enhanced Fast Li+ Transport for Lithium Metal Batteries at High Temperature

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11030736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Man Li ◽

Tao Chen ◽

Seunghyun Song ◽

Yang Li ◽

Joonho Bae

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Solid State ◽

Solid Electrolyte ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Ionic Channels ◽

Transference Numbers ◽

Lithium Metal ◽

Lithium Metal Batteries ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Framework

The challenge of safety problems in lithium batteries caused by conventional electrolytes at high temperatures is addressed in this study. A novel solid electrolyte (HKUST-1@IL-Li) was fabricated by immobilizing ionic liquid ([EMIM][TFSI]) in the nanopores of a HKUST-1 metal–organic framework. 3D angstrom-level ionic channels of the metal–organic framework (MOF) host were used to restrict electrolyte anions and acted as “highways” for fast Li+ transport. In addition, lower interfacial resistance between HKUST-1@IL-Li and electrodes was achieved by a wetted contact through open tunnels at the atomic scale. Excellent high thermal stability up to 300 °C and electrochemical properties are observed, including ionic conductivities and Li+ transference numbers of 0.68 × 10-4 S·cm-1 and 0.46, respectively, at 25 °C, and 6.85 × 10-4 S·cm-1 and 0.68, respectively, at 100 °C. A stable Li metal plating/stripping process was observed at 100 °C, suggesting an effectively suppressed growth of Li dendrites. The as-fabricated LiFePO4/HKUST-1@IL-Li/Li solid-state battery exhibits remarkable performance at high temperature with an initial discharge capacity of 144 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and a high capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles. Thus, the solid electrolyte in this study demonstrates promising applicability in lithium metal batteries with high performance under extreme thermal environmental conditions.

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Electrostatic repulsion strategy for highly selective and sensitive “switch–on” fluorescence sensor of ascorbic acid based on the cysteamine-coated CdTe quantum dots and cerium (IV)

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj00145k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yifei Guo ◽

Jingjing Du ◽

Jianjun Li ◽

Ran Yang ◽

Peter B. de Harrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Hydrothermal Method ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Fluorescence Sensor ◽

Cdte Quantum Dots ◽

Electrostatic Repulsion ◽

Functional Monomer ◽

Simple Hydrothermal Method ◽

Cdte Qds

In this work, cysteamine-coated CdTe quantum dots (CA-CdTe QDs) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method employing cadmium chloride as the cadmium source and cysteamine hydrochloride as the functional monomer....

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