NORMAL VALEROLACTONE. III. ITS PREPARATION BY THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF LEVULINIC ACID WITH HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF PLATINUM OXIDE

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 3010-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Schuette ◽  
Ralph W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Platinum Oxide

scholarly journals Catalytic reduction of dimeric acetylated 2-deoxy-2-nitroso-α-D-glycopyranosyl chlorides

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (23) ◽  
pp. 2720-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Nagabhushan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Platinum Oxide ◽  
Large Scale Synthesis

Reduction of tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride dimer with hydrogen and platinum oxide in the presence of methanol or ethanol afforded the corresponding alkyl tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside hydrochloride. In the absence of an alcohol the product was tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-glucitol hydrochloride. The glycosylation/reduction process gave similar results with the galacto isomer.A method is described for the ready and large-scale synthesis of D-galactosamine hydrochloride.

Highly dispersed MnOx–FeOx supported by silicalite-1 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 at low temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5525-5534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Gu ◽  
Bingjun Zhu ◽  
Rudi Duan ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Shaoxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

MnOx–FeOx-Loaded silicalite-1 catalysts exhibit high NOx conversion at low temperatures.

Transition-metal-free catalytic hydroboration reduction of amides to amines

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 3515-3520
Author(s):  
Wubing Yao ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Aiguo Zhong ◽  
Shiliang Wang ◽  
Yinlin Shao
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Metal Free

The selective catalytic reduction of amides to value-added amine products is a desirable but challenging transformation.

Comparative analysis on the effects of diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction systems on a wide spectrum of chemical species emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
Thaddeus A. Swor ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations world-wide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for the DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.

Effect of Fe on the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 at Low Temperature over Mn/CeO2-TiO2 Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Wang WU ◽  
Qiu-Lin ZHANG ◽  
Tao LIN ◽  
Mao-Chu GONG ◽  
Yao-Qiang CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of No

Influence of Fe Content on Catalytic Reduction of N2O with CH4 over FeAlPO-5 Catalyst

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu ZHAO ◽  
Dang-guo CHENG ◽  
Fengqiu CHEN ◽  
Xiaoli ZHAN
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Fe Content

Aplicação de Multi-Layer Perceptron para Previsão de Emissão de Gases derivados de Veículos a Diesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Luís Otávio Rigo Jr. ◽  
Jesuina Cássia Santiago de Araújo ◽  
Leandro Nogueira dos Santos ◽  
Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Multi Layer Perceptron

Fontes veiculares movidos a Diesel têm contribuido significativamente para o aumento da poluição atmosférica. A tendência mundial de utilizar motor Diesel se deve ao rendimento real alcançado por esta máquina (~34%), quando comparada com motores Otto (~26%). Em termos de poluição, tais motores apresentam a vantagem de emitir menor concentração de hidrocarbonetos e CO2. Por outro lado, o motor Diesel apresenta a desvantagem de emitir materiais particulados e NOx. Com fins de atender a legislação, tem sido incorporado aos veículos a Diesel um sistema catalítico, que injeta uréia nos gases de escape. Tal processo, conhecido como SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), tem por finalidade transformar NOx em N2 e H2O. Órgãos governamentais têm atuado como agentes controladores, exigindo dos fabricantes de motores soluções tecnológicas, capazes de reduzir os níveis de emissões destes poluentes. Essas soluções estão atreladas a uma série de testes experimentais onerosos. Tendo-se em vista que as taxas de emissão de NOx dependem de fatores que se correlacionam de forma complexa, faz-se necessário à utilização de ferramentas de simulação para prever tais taxas. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada uma Rede Neural Artificial, denominada Multi-Layer Perceptron, com algoritmo de aprendizado supervisionado Back Propagation, para estimar as taxas de emissão dos gases NOx, NH3 e N2O em veículos a Diesel. Os resultados mostraram que parâmetros de entrada (velocidade espacial, temperatura, concentração de NOx, de NH3, de O2 , de SO2 e de H2O) se correcionam fortemente com as taxas de emissão de NOx e NH3 na saída. Este fator foi comprovado pela grande capacidade de aprendizado das redes testadas, com erro médio próximo de 0,01 no conjunto de aprendizado. Os resultados sobre o conjunto de teste demonstraram, também, grande capacidade de generalização das redes. O melhor resultado encontrado foi de 2,9% para NOx e NH3 e de N2O de 5,1%. Estes resultados revelam que a RNA demonstrou ser um método eficiente para prever as taxas de emissão de poluentes em perímetro urbano e rodovias.

Facile Synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticle-loaded Carbon Nanotubes Composite Catalysts for Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Feng ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Juanjuan Yin ◽  
Fangke Zhan ◽  
Kaiyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Cu2o Nanoparticles

Background: 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the pollutants in sewage and harmful to human health and the environment. Cu is a non-noble metal with catalytic reduction effect on nitro compounds, and.has the advantages of simple preparation, abundant reserves, and low price. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are widely used for substrate due to their excellent mechanical stability and high surface area. In this study, a simple method to prepare CNT-Cu2O by controlling different reaction time was reported. The prepared nanocomposites were used to catalyze 4-NP. Methods: CNTs and CuCl2 solution were put into a beaker, and then ascorbic acid and NaOH were added while continuously stirring. The reaction was carried out for a sufficiently long period of time at 60°C. The prepared samples were dried in a vacuum at 50°C for 48 h after washing with ethyl alcohol and deionized water. Results: Nanostructures of these composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy techniques, and the results at a magnification of 200 nanometers showed that Cu2O was distributed on the surface of the CNTs. In addition, X-ray diffraction was performed to further confirm the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles. The results of ultraviolet spectrophotometry showed that the catalytic effect of the compound on 4-NP was obvious. Conclusions: CNTs acted as a huge template for loading Cu2O nanoparticles, which could improve the stability and cycle performance of Cu2O. The formation of nanoparticles was greatly affected by temperature and the appropriate concentration, showing great reducibility for the 4-NP reduction reaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document