EFFECT OF NEUTRAL SALTS ON THE RATE OF HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE IN ACETIC ACID SOLUTIONS

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1941
Author(s):  
J. T. Fuess ◽  
C. J. Staud
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE SULPHATE IN ACETONE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Keirstead ◽  
John Myers
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Potentiometric Titration Method ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

When cellulose acetate sulphate is dissolved in acetone the hydrolysis of the sulphate ester is rapid compared with that of the acetate ester. In 70% acetone the relative rates are reversed. Hydrolysis of the sulphate ester in acetone is greatly affected by the temperature. At 25 °C. or greater the hydrolysis is complete after 24 hr. A potentiometric titration method has been developed for the estimation of sulphuric acid in the presence of smaller amounts of acetic acid.

Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate in the pH range of 2–10

1966 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Vos ◽  
Floyd O. Burris ◽  
Robert L. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

THE HYDROLYSIS OF ACID AMIDES IN CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20b (5) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rabinovitch ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solutions ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The Arrhenius constants have been evaluated for the hydrolysis of formamide, acetamide, propionamide, and benzamide in hydrochloric acid solutions over the concentration range 1 to 10 N. There is approximate correspondence between reaction rates and activation energies for the series of amides. An increase in observed activation energy with increasing acid concentration was found for all amides. The maximum in rate of hydrolysis, which occurs at higher acid concentrations, is discussed and accounted for by the variation in the Arrhenius constants with acid concentration.

THE SAP OF THE BIRCH TREE, BETULA PAPYRIFERA MARSH.: I. THE AMYLASE SYSTEM

1942 ◽  
Vol 20b (6) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bois ◽  
W. O. Chubb
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The amylase system of birch sap consists of a cellobiogenic amylase and most probably a glucogenic amylase. The optimum conditions of pH and temperature are pH 5. 5 at 4 °C. to 6.3 at 60 °C. The maximum production of cellobiose occurred at a temperature of 50 °C. at the optimum pH for this temperature. The optimum conditions for the production of glucose were pH 5.5 and a temperature of 50 °C.It is felt that these new facts throw some additional light on the constitution of starch, and that possibly birch sap might serve as a source of cellobiose, which has heretofore only been prepared commercially by hydrolysis of cellulose acetate.

THE HYDROLYSIS OF PROPIONITRILE IN CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS

1942 ◽  
Vol 20b (7) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rabinovitch ◽  
C. A. Winkler ◽  
A. R. P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Unimolecular Reactions ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solutions ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ammonia Formation

The hydrolysis of propionitrile has been studied in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions from 0.5 to 10 N and over a range of temperatures at six acid concentrations. The rate of hydrolysis as measured by ammonia formation is dependent upon the decomposition of the intermediate amide at acid concentrations above 4 N. The system represented by nitrile [Formula: see text] amide [Formula: see text] acid affords a good example of consecutive, irreversible unimolecular reactions over the complete range [Formula: see text] (below 4 N) to [Formula: see text] (above 11 N). A marked increase in rate with increasing acid concentration is accounted for in large measure by a decrease in observed activation energy of 6.7 Cal. over the range 1 to 10 N.

The Hydrolysis of Hydrogen Cyanide in Acetic Acid Solutions with Mineral Acids as Catalysts1

1943 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482
Author(s):  
Vernon K. Krieble ◽  
Frederick C. Duennebier ◽  
Edward Colton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Solvent reorganization for hydrolysis with hydrogen participation

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (24) ◽  
pp. 4599-4605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Inomoto ◽  
R. E. Robertson ◽  
G. Sarkis
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Solvent Isotope Effect ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Solvent Isotope ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Reaction In Water

A study of the rates of hydrolysis of 3-Me-2-butyl bromide and methanesulfonate in water leads to values of ΔCp≠ of −80 and −40 cal deg−1 mole−1, respectively. The product was about 85–95 % t-pentanol, the remainder being olefin. The value of ΔCp≠ for the solvolysis of the methanesulfonate in D2O was −44 cal deg−1 mole−1. The kinetic solvent isotope effect (k.s.i.e.) for the latter was unusually low (k.s.i.e. = 1.047 at 5 °C and 1.025 at 25 °C). Deuteration at C-3 led to a reduction in the rate of hydrolysis by a factor of about 2.25. This is consistent with an activation process involving "hydrogen participation" as previously reported by Winstein and Takahashi for solvolysis of the corresponding tosylate in acetic acid. In contrast to the latter work, the reaction in water appears to be uncomplicated.

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