THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS AND THE ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC SOLUTES. I. NORMAL BUTYL ALCOHOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY THE FREEZING POINT METHOD

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 850-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Harkins ◽  
Roy W. Wampler
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Organic Solutes

Activity Coefficients of Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Hexacyanoferrate(III) in Water and Mixed Water-Alcohol Solvents

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Holba
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Solvents ◽  
Mixed Water ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficients ◽  
Water Alcohol

The solubility of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) hexacyanoferrate(III) were measured in aqueous solution of NaClO4, NaCl, KCl, KBr, K2SO4, Mg2SO4, (CH3)4NBr, (C2H5)4NBr, (1-C3H7)4NBr, and (1-C4H9)4NBr, as well as in the solution of NaClO4 in mixtures of water with methanol and tert-butyl alcohol. The experimental mean activity coefficients are compared with theoretical ones evaluated with the aid of extended Debye-Huckel relation. From the solubilities in water and in water-alcoholic solvents the thermodynamic transfer functions of the saturating salt were calculated.

Activity Coefficients and Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Tetraalkylammonium Dianilinetetraisothiocyanatochromates(III)

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1738-1744
Author(s):  
Vladislav Holba
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Ions ◽  
Ionic Transfer ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Gibbs Energies Of Transfer ◽  
Acetonitrile Solutions ◽  
Mixed Systems

The solubilities of tetraalkylammonium dianilinetetraisothiocyanatochromates(III) (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, and 1-butyl) in water, water - methanol, water - tert-butyl alcohol and water - acetonitrile solutions were measured at 25 °C. The results were used to evaluate the activity coefficients and Gibbs energies of transfer of the saturating salts from water to the mixed systems. The Gibbs energies of transfer of the [Cr(C6H5NH2)2(NCS)4]- ion were obtained by means of known ionic transfer functions for the tetraalkylammonium ions based on the TATB assumption.

scholarly journals Infinite dilution activity coefficient measurements of organic solutes in selected deep eutectic solvents by gas-liquid chromatography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nkululeko Nkosi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients ◽  
Tetramethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Selectivity And Capacity

Many separation processes in the chemical and petrochemical industries are energy intensive, and unfortunately, involve a range of solvents that are environmentally harmful and destructive. Alternative, sustainable separation techniques are desired to replace these conventional methods used in the separation of azeotropic as well as close-boiling mixtures, with the intention of reducing energy costs and adverse impact on the environment. In the present study, a new class of solvents called deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of Type III were investigated as alternatives to conventional solvents currently employed in separation processes. DESs are classified as ‘green’ solvents because of a range of favourable properties including lower cost, desirable solubility properties and reduced environmental impact (Abbott et al., 2003b; Smith et al., 2014). The infinite dilution activity coefficients (IDACs) values of 24 solutes – including alk-1-anes, alk-1-enes, alk-1-ynes, cycloalkanes, alkanols, alkylbenzenes, heterocyclics, esters, and ketones – were measured at 313.15, 323.15, 333.15 and 343.15 K by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in DESs. The four investigated DESs were as follows: 1) Tetramethylammonium chloride + Glycerol (DES1); 2) Tetramethylammonium chloride + Ethylene Glycerol (DES2); 3) Tetramethylammonium chloride + 1,6 Hexanediol (DES3); and 4) Tetrapropylammonium bromide + 1,6 Hexanediol (DES4). This work focused on the performance of DESs as extractive solvents for selected azeotropic and close-boiling binary mixtures. The two key performance criteria for these extractive solvents – selectivity and capacity – were determined from experimental infinite dilution activity coefficients (IDACs) of various solutes. The effect of solute molecular structure on IDAC values was investigated. Moreover, the effect of varying the hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) in DESs on IDAC values was examined. Partial excess molar enthalpies at infinite dilution were determined from the experimental IDAC data. Moreover, common industrial separation problems were selected to investigate DES potential to separate various mixtures by determining selectivity and capacity at infinite dilution. The results obtained in this study indicate that the use of a long carbon chain HBDs greatly decreases miscibility of DESs with organic solutes. For systems such as n-heptane - toluene, acetone - ethanol, cyclohexane - benzene and n-hexane - benzene systems, DES4 was the best solvent regarding the separation performance index. However, further investigation for DES4 by measurements of vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) and liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data is suggested, as these data would provide additional pertinent information regarding the separation of such mixtures using DES4. The data produced from this study can be used to extend the applicability range of predictive models such as Universal Quasi- Chemical Functional Group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) and modified UNIFAC (Do) which are already incorporated in some chemical engineering process simulators.

STUDY ON NEW ICE SLURRY GENERATOR USING NaCl AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT LOW CONCENTRATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOJI FUMOTO ◽  
TSUYOSHI KAWANAMI ◽  
TAKAO INAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
New Method ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Ice Slurry ◽  
Slurry Ice ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

A cold thermal energy storage system has been developed for HVAC. There are many ice-based cooling systems operating around the world. Ice slurry, which is a mixture of fine ice crystals and liquid water, is utilized in ice storage systems owing to its good flowability and large latent heat of fusion. For slurry ice production techniques, there are presently a number of commercially available ice slurry generators (e.g., Supercooled slurry ice generator, Scraper type generator, and Vacuum type generator, etc.). In the present study, a new method was developed to generate ice slurry without the deposition of an ice layer on a cooled surface. The basic components of the experimental apparatus is a cooling brine circulating loop, a high pressure pump, a valve, an aqueous solution flow loop containing the test section, which is made of transparent acrylic, and the associated instrumentation. This new method is based on freezing-point depression of the aqueous solution, which is maintained under high-pressure conditions. To control the timing for solidification and to generate ice slurry, we investigated the relationships among the pressure and temperature of the aqueous solution. The freezing phenomenon of the aqueous solution in the test section was observed in detail. As a result, we developed a new ice slurry generator based on the new method that controls the pressure and temperature of the aqueous solution. Experimental results showed that the characteristics of the ice slurry generation were closely related to the pressure and initial stage temperature of the test fluid. Finally, the optimum operation condition of the ice slurry generator based on visualization experiment was discussed.

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