THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF BARIUM HYDROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT 25°

1932 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Harned ◽  
C. Morgan Mason
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Barium Hydroxide

The diffusion of electrolytes in a cation-exchange resin membrane I. Theoretical

1955 ◽  
Vol 232 (1191) ◽  
pp. 498-509 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Resin Membrane

An equation for the flux of electrolyte through a water-swollen cation-exchange resin membrane separating two solutions of the same electrolyte at different concentrations is derived on the basis of several assumptions regarding the physical nature of a swollen resinous exchanger. The complete flux equation contains three terms, one determined by the concentration difference across the membrane, another determined by the variation of the activity coefficient of the electrolyte with concentration in the membrane and a third concerned with the rate of osmotic or hydrostatic flow through the membrane. If ions in the resin are transported entirely in an internal aqueous phase, the mobilities required for the flux equation can be related to mobilities in aqueous solution and to the volume fraction of resin in the swollen membrane. The treatment is readily extended to anion exchangers.

Formation process of BaTiO3 particles by reaction between barium hydroxide aqueous solution and titania obtained by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2631-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zeng ◽  
Naofumi Uekawa ◽  
Takashi Kojima ◽  
Kazuyuki Kakegawa
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Titanium Alkoxide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

BaTiO3 particles were prepared by heating a suspension of titania derived from the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in a barium hydroxide [Ba(OH)2] aqueous solution. Well-crystallized cubic phase BaTiO3 fine particles were obtained by heating at a temperature >328 K for 24 h. The morphology and size of the obtained particles were affected by the reaction temperature and the Ba(OH)2/titanium alkoxide molar ratio. The secondary particles with a larger size were obtained at a lower reaction temperature. The nucleation process of BaTiO3 depended on the reaction temperature. The formation mechanism of BaTiO3 and the formation kinetics were investigated by measuring the concentrations of Ba2+ ions in the solution during the heating process. The BaTiO3 particle formation occurred on the surface of the titania particles after strong adsorption of the Ba2+ ions from the solution. The experimental results showed that the heterogeneous nucleation of BaTiO3 occurred on the titania surface.

Osmotic and activity coefficients of lithium chloride in water from 50 to 150 °C

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (19) ◽  
pp. 2542-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Campbell ◽  
Om N. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Differential Manometer ◽  
Solvent Water

The activity coefficients of lithium chloride in aqueous solution at temperatures of 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 °C and concentrations varying from 0.5 to 3 m have been determined. The method used was the application of the Gibbs–Duhem theorem, i.e., the activity of the solvent water was the quantity actually determined. The experimental determination was that of the vapour pressure of the solution using a differential manometer. At all temperatures the activity coefficient passes through a minimum and then increases progressively.

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