A System Correlating Molecular Structure of Organic Compounds with their Boiling Points. I. Aliphatic Boiling Point Numbers

1938 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3032-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corliss R. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Boiling Points

scholarly journals XVI. On the relation between boiling-point and composition organic compounds

1860 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Isomeric Compound ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Further Development

The researches which I beg, in the following pages, to submit to the Royal Society, embody the results obtained in the further development of an observation which I made a considerable number of years ago, and which, since that time, I had to defend against the objections of others, both by experimental inquiries of my own, and by the collection and discussion of facts elicited in the investigations of other observers. As far back as 1841* I pointed out that in analogous compounds the same difference of composition frequently involves the same difference in boiling-points. The assertion of the existence of this law-like relation between the chemical composition of substances and one of their most important physical properties, when first enunciated, met rather with the opposition than with the assent of chemists. In Germany especially it was contested by Schröder in his memoir “On the Molecular Volume of Chemical Compounds.” These objections led me to collect additional evidence in favour of my views, and to show more particularly that in very extensive series of compounds (alcohols C n H n+2 O 2 ; acids C n H n O 4 ; compound ethers C n H n O 4 , &c.) an elementary difference x C 2 H 2 is attended by a difference of x X 19°C. in the boiling-points, and how this fact is intimately connected with other regularities exhibited by the boiling-points of organic compounds. Almost at the same period Schröder § convinced himself that the relation I had pointed out obtains in most cases. He collected himself a considerable number of illustrations of the regularities I had traced, and showed that the relation in question is rendered more especially conspicuous if the compounds be expressed by formulæ representing equal vapour-volumes of the several substances. Some of the views, however, which were peculiar to Schröder have not gained the approbation of chemists. This physicist was inclined to consider the boiling-point of a substance as the most essential criterion of its proximate constituents, as the most trustworthy indicator of its molecular consti­tution. His views were chiefly based upon the assumption that the elementary difference C 2 H 2 , when occurring in alcohols C n H n+2 O 2 , involved a difference of boiling-points other than that occasioned by the same elementary difference obtaining in acids C n H n O 4 and that the isomeric compound ethers differed from one another in their boiling-points. An extensive series of boiling-point determinations* which I made of these isomeric ethers, proved that the latter assumption is not founded on facts. The exertions made by Schröder, Gerhardt, Löwig and others, in the hope of recognizing the influence of the constituent elements on the boiling-point of a compound, have also essentially remained without result.

scholarly journals II. On the relation between boiling-point and composition in organic compounds

1860 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 463-467
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Boiling Points

The author was the first to observe(in 1841) that, on comparing pairs of analogous organic compounds, the same difference in boiling-point corresponds frequently to the same difference in composition. This relation between boiling-point and composition, when first pointed out, was repeatedly denied, but is now generally admitted. The continued experiments of the author, as well as of numerous other inquirers, have since fixed many boiling-points which had hitherto emained undetermined, and corrected such as had been inaccurately observed. In the present paper the author has collected his experimental determinations, and has given a survey of all the facts satisfactorily established up to the present moment regarding the relations between boiling-point and composition. The several propositions previously announced by the author were:— 1. An alcohol, C n H n +2 O 2 , differing in composition from ethylic alcohol (C 4 H 6 O 2 , boiling at 78° C.) by x C 2 H 2 , more or less, boils x X 19° higher or lower than ethylic alcohol.

Distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in surface water, soil, and groundwater within a chemical industry park in Eastern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benhua Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Linxian Huang ◽  
Yongseng Wang ◽  
Yuehua Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industry Wastewater

This paper focuses on the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the surface water, soil, and groundwater within a chemical industry park in Eastern China. At least one VOC was detected in each of the 20 sampling sites, and the maximum number of VOCs detected in the surface water, groundwater, and soil were 13, 16, and 14, respectively. Two of the 10 VOCs with elevated concentrations detected in surface water, groundwater, and soil were chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane. The characteristics of VOCs, which include volatility, boiling point, and solubility, could significantly affect their distribution in surface water, soil, and groundwater. However, due to the direct discharging of chemical industry wastewater into surface water, higher concentrations of VOCs (except chloroform) were detected in surface water than in soil and groundwater. Fortunately, the higher volatility of VOCs prevents the VOCs from impacting groundwater, which helps to maintain a lower concentration of VOCs in the groundwater than in both surface water and soil. This is because pollutants with relatively higher boiling points and lower solubilities have higher detection frequencies in soil, and contaminants with relatively lower boiling points and higher solubilities have higher detection frequencies in water, notably in surface water.

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