The Exchange Adsorption of Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Organic Zeolites. III. Performance of Deep Adsorbent Beds under Non-equilibrium Conditions1

1947 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2849-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Boyd ◽  
L. S. Myers ◽  
A. W. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Organic Zeolites ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio R. Corti ◽  
C. Austen Angell ◽  
Tony Auffret ◽  
Harry Levine ◽  
M. Pilar Buera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Equilibrium Transition ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Freezing Curve ◽  
Non Equilibrium

This paper describes the main thermodynamic concepts related to the construction of supplemented phase (or state) diagrams (SPDs) for aqueous solutions containing vitrifying agents used in the cryo- and dehydro-preservation of natural (foods, seeds, etc.) and synthetic (pharmaceuticals) products. It also reviews the empirical and theoretical equations employed to predict equilibrium transitions (ice freezing, solute solubility) and non-equilibrium transitions (glass transition and the extrapolated freezing curve). The comparison with experimental results is restricted to carbohydrate aqueous solutions, because these are the most widely used cryoprotectant agents. The paper identifies the best standard procedure to determine the glass transition curve over the entire water-content scale, and how to determine the temperature and concentration of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution.

scholarly journals Study of the possibility of obtaining metal nanoparticles under the action of a non-equilibrium plasma on aqueous solutions of salts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1328 ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
V A Titov ◽  
N A Sirotkin ◽  
D I Nikitin ◽  
I K Naumova ◽  
I N Subbotkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Equilibrium Plasma ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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