COMPOSITION OF SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUELS. I. PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION AND ANALYSIS OF C5-C8PARAFFIN ISOMERS FROM COBALT CATALYST

1950 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 2307-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Friedel ◽  
R. B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Liquid Fuels

Influence of the Gas and Particle Residence Time on Fast Pyrolysis of Lignite

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Cui ◽  
Wenli Song ◽  
Jiayuan Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Yao ◽  
Weigang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Particle Residence Time ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Secondary Reactions

Coal resource is abundant in China, while the reserves of natural gas and petroleum are limited. Due to the rapid increase in the number of automobiles, a competitive way to produce liquid fuels from coal is urgently needed in China. A so-called “coal topping process” is under development at the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from which liquid products can be obtained by flash pyrolysis in an integrated circulating fluidized bed system. In order to achieve a high yield of liquid products from high volatile coal, controlling the residence time of coal particles and produced gas may be of importance for minimizing the degree of the secondary reactions; i.e., polymerization and cracking of the liquid products. Experiments of the flash pyrolysis of coal have been conducted in an entrained bed reactor, which is especially designed to study the influence of the coal particle residence time on the product distribution. The results show that the gaseous, liquid, and solid product distribution, the gas compositions as well as the liquid compositions depend strongly on the gas and particle residence time.

scholarly journals Efficient and selective degradation of polyethylenes into liquid fuels and waxes under mild conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. e1501591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqing Jia ◽  
Chuan Qin ◽  
Tobias Friedberger ◽  
Zhibin Guan ◽  
Zheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Structure ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Cross Metathesis ◽  
Alkane Metathesis ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Energy Processes

Polyethylene (PE) is the largest-volume synthetic polymer, and its chemical inertness makes its degradation by low-energy processes a challenging problem. We report a tandem catalytic cross alkane metathesis method for highly efficient degradation of polyethylenes under mild conditions. With the use of widely available, low-value, short alkanes (for example, petroleum ethers) as cross metathesis partners, different types of polyethylenes with various molecular weights undergo complete conversion into useful liquid fuels and waxes. This method shows excellent selectivity for linear alkane formation, and the degradation product distribution (liquid fuels versus waxes) can be controlled by the catalyst structure and reaction time. In addition, the catalysts are compatible with various polyolefin additives; therefore, common plastic wastes, such as postconsumer polyethylene bottles, bags, and films could be converted into valuable chemical feedstocks without any pretreatment.

scholarly journals Modeling Fischer–Tropsch kinetics and product distribution over a cobalt catalyst

AIChE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Pandey ◽  
Anders Runningen ◽  
Ljubiša Gavrilović ◽  
Erik A. Jørgensen ◽  
Koteswara R. Putta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Fischer Tropsch

scholarly journals Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Hoan Vu ◽  
Sura Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Tung Dang ◽  
Udo Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasoline-range aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near future. Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu.

Kinetic modeling of GTL product distribution over a promoted cobalt catalyst

2012 ◽  
pp. EEO8
Author(s):  
Branislav Todic ◽  
Wenping Ma ◽  
Gary Jacobs ◽  
Burtron Davis ◽  
Dragomir Bukur
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Cobalt Catalyst ◽  
Product Distribution

Microscopic versus process parameters in heavy-oil upgrading

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
V.A. Munoz ◽  
R.J. Mikula ◽  
C. Payette ◽  
W.W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optical Texture ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Anisotropic Character ◽  
Planar Molecules

The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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