CITRIC ACID FORMATION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER THROUGH CONDENSATION OF 3C2MOIETIES

1950 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1865-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Foster ◽  
S. F. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Acid Formation

EFFECT OF FERROCYANIDE ON GROWTH AND CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Horitsu ◽  
D. S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth

Ferrocyanide at concentrations of less than 30 p.p.m. (the amount tolerated in citric acid fermentation of beet molasses) had no measurable effect on citric acid production or on the oxidation of glucose or Krebs cycle compounds by resting cells of Aspergillus niger or on the growth rate of this organism during submerged fermentation of beet molasses. Concentrations above 30 p.p.m., however, stimulated citric acid formation in resting cells, but markedly inhibited cell development in growing cells. This inhibition of growth was the main cause of the detrimental effect of high concentrations of ferrocyanide on citric acid formation in molasses; good growth throughout the fermentation was essential to high acid yield, inhibition of growth could be released at any time during the fermentation by addition of sufficient ZnSO4 to reduce the ferrocyanide content to below 30 p.p.m. No evidence that ferrocyanide favors citric acid accumulation by blocking a reaction in the Krebs cycle was found.

MECHANISM OF CITRIC ACID FORMATION FROM GLUCOSE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shu ◽  
A. Funk ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Tertiary Carbon ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon ◽  
C 78

A medium containing glucose-1-C14 as the sole carbon source was fermented by Aspergillus niger under conditions giving a steady rate of oxygen consumption and a good yield of citric acid (63%). The citric acid was isolated and degraded by chemical methods to determine the carbon-14 concentration of the methylene carbons, the tertiary carbon, the tertiary carboxyl carbon, and the primary carboxyl carbons. These were found to contain, respectively, 35.6, 21.2, 7.25, and 5.99% of the C14 concentration of carbon-1 of the glucose. A mathematical analysis of these data in the light of current theories on citric acid formation suggested following conclusions: (a) 37–40% of the total citric acid was formed from recycled C4-dicarboxylic acid, (b) 40% of the dicarboxylic acid was formed through C2,C2 condensation and 60% through C1,C3 condensation, (c) 78% of the glucose was dissimilated through the Embden–Meyerhof scheme, the remainder being dissimilated through a mechanism involving carboxyl labeled pyruvic acid.

MECHANISM OF CITRIC ACID FORMATION FROM GLUCOSE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shu ◽  
A. Funk ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Tertiary Carbon ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon ◽  
C 78

A medium containing glucose-1-C14 as the sole carbon source was fermented by Aspergillus niger under conditions giving a steady rate of oxygen consumption and a good yield of citric acid (63%). The citric acid was isolated and degraded by chemical methods to determine the carbon-14 concentration of the methylene carbons, the tertiary carbon, the tertiary carboxyl carbon, and the primary carboxyl carbons. These were found to contain, respectively, 35.6, 21.2, 7.25, and 5.99% of the C14 concentration of carbon-1 of the glucose. A mathematical analysis of these data in the light of current theories on citric acid formation suggested following conclusions: (a) 37–40% of the total citric acid was formed from recycled C4-dicarboxylic acid, (b) 40% of the dicarboxylic acid was formed through C2,C2 condensation and 60% through C1,C3 condensation, (c) 78% of the glucose was dissimilated through the Embden–Meyerhof scheme, the remainder being dissimilated through a mechanism involving carboxyl labeled pyruvic acid.

Mechanism of citric acid formation and accumulation in Aspergillus niger

1955 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Ramakrishnan ◽  
R. Steel ◽  
C.P. Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Acid Formation

scholarly journals The Effect of Lipids on Citric Acid Production by an Aspergillus niger Mutant

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. MILLIS ◽  
B. H. TRUMPY ◽  
B. M. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Citric Acid Production
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