Directed Interesterification in Glycerides. III. The Synthesis of Single-Fatty Acid 1,3-Diglycerides1

1951 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 3926-3928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Baur ◽  
Willy Lange
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

Rapeseed oils high in single fatty acid contents for oleochemical uses

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Röbbelen ◽  
Konrad Kräling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

Determination of proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 in Turkish freshwater resources

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Öksüz ◽  
Yavuz Mazlum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Astacus Leptodactylus ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Single Fatty Acid ◽  
High Level

This research was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content ofAstacus leptodactylusin various populations in the lakes Iznik and Egirdir, as well as in Hirfanlı Dam Lake and Keban Dam Lake, all in Turkey. Crayfish meat yield ranged from a minimum of 11.3% to a maximum of 16.3% of wet weight in specimens from Keban and Iznik, respectively. Meat yield was significantly different, depending on the living environment. The protein content of the meat ofA. leptodactylusranged from 15.4 to 17.5%. The moisture content of crayfish was significantly lower in the high lipid containing Iznik Lake’s crayfish. Crayfish lipids were poor in saturated fatty acids, but rich in PUFA’s and in particular EPA, DHA and ARA. In all groups, the major saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid. Among the omega-6 fatty acid series, a high level of ARA was observed in crayfish meat.EPA may be considered as the major omega-3 fatty acid in crayfish lipids. There was no single fatty acid indicating regional differences in crayfish specimens.

Investigation of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting on Model Single Fatty Acid Alkyds

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (36) ◽  
pp. 12018-12028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianhe Wang ◽  
Brittany Pellegrene ◽  
Mark D. Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

Lipids and their seasonal variation in the nucellar layers of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eila Tillman-Sutela ◽  
Anu Johansson ◽  
Pälvi Laakso ◽  
Heikki Kallio ◽  
Anneli Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

The content, composition, and seasonal variation of lipids in the nucellar layers of two mature Scots pine seed lots from northern and central Finland were studied. These lipophilic layers, which are located inside the seed coat, are composed of collapsed cells and restrict the imbibition of seeds. In this study, epicuticular wax was found on their surface; in particular, the surface of the nucellar cap was composed of intermeshing wax rods. The content of total lipids of the nucellar layers varied seasonally from 10 to 24%, being highest in April. In addition to simple lipids, which formed the most abundant lipid fraction in nucellar layers, small amounts of phospho- and glyco-lipids were also present. The proportion of simple lipids and their fatty acid composition in the seeds of both provenances remained constant throughout the year, whereas seasonal variation was found in the proportions of phospho- and giyco-lipids and in their fatty acids. In general, the variation was more marked in the northern seed lot. The unsaturated fatty acids dominated in the fractions of simple lipids and phospholipids, with linoleic acid being the most abundant single fatty acid. The saturated fatty acids with more than 22 carbon atoms were most abundant in the glycolipid fractions. The role of lipids for the function of the collapsed nucellar layers in the regulation of imbibition and germination of pine seeds is discussed. Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L., northern seeds, fatty acids, imbibition, germination.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Exogenous Fatty Acids Protects Enterococcus faecalis from Membrane-Damaging Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 6527-6538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly E. Saito ◽  
John R. Harp ◽  
Elizabeth M. Fozo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Single Fatty Acid ◽  
Composition Changes

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisis a commensal bacterium of the mammalian intestine that can persist in soil and aquatic systems and can be a nosocomial pathogen to humans. It employs multiple stress adaptation strategies in order to survive such a wide range of environments. Within this study, we sought to elucidate whether membrane fatty acid composition changes are an important component for stress adaptation. We noted thatE. faecalisOG1RF was capable of changing its membrane composition depending upon growth phase and temperature. The organism also readily incorporated fatty acids from bile, serum, and medium supplemented with individual fatty acids, often dramatically changing the membrane composition such that a single fatty acid was predominant. Growth in either low levels of bile or specific individual fatty acids was found to protect the organism from membrane challenges such as high bile exposure. In particular, we observed that when grown in low levels of bile, serum, or the host-derived fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid,E. faecaliswas better able to survive the antibiotic daptomycin. Interestingly, the degree of membrane saturation did not appear to be important for protection from the stressors examined here; instead, it appears that a specific fatty acid or combination of fatty acids is critical for stress resistance.

scholarly journals Interrelated lipid alterations and their influence on the proliferation and fusion of cultured myogenic cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Horwitz ◽  
A Wight ◽  
P Ludwig ◽  
R Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Primary Explants ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Media ◽  
Single Fatty Acid ◽  
Coa Reductase

We have cultured myogenic cells derived from primary explants and a cell line (L6) in a lipid-depleted medium (LDM) and produced large alterations of the fatty acyl and polar headgroup composition and of the cellular sterol levels. These alterations were produced by altering the composition of the media as follows: removing biotin and providing exogenous fatty acid; removing choline and providing exogenous ethanolamine or choline analogues; and by adding 25-OH cholesterol, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate (HMG)-CoA reductase. Relatively small, secondary alterations of other lipid classes accompany the large primary alteration. In general, they are not obviously compensatory for the primary alteration by retaining some physical property. We have explored the influence of these lipid alterations on myoblast proliferation and fusion into myotubes. In general, considerable variability appears tolerated, but there also appear to be limits. Long-term cultures grown in media containing a single fatty acid do not proliferate indefinitely, and the fatty acid does not become the sole fatty acyl component of the phospholipids. This phenomenon is also observed for cultures enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME). The influence of the lipid alterations on fusion is particularly interesting. The inclusion of 25-OH cholesterol inhibits fusion. Enrichment of the fatty acyl chains with elaidate or the polar headgroups with PE also inhibits fusion, but in contrast to that by 25-OH cholesterol, a significant fraction of the myoblasts are aligned and interacting with each other. Oleate enrichment enhances the rate of fusion.

scholarly journals Study of the corrosion of stainless steel with fatty acid/paraffin/graphite composite phase change materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Quanying Yan ◽  
Guangyuan Ma ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Composite Phase Change Materials ◽  
Single Fatty Acid ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The corrosion performance of phase change materials on stainless steel was studied using single fatty acid, fatty acid/paraffin mixed phase change materials and fatty acid/paraffin/graphite composite phase change materials as corrosion media. The results show that the corrosion of fatty acid, paraffin and graphite composite phase change materials to stainless steel is very small; among them, stearic acid series of phase change materials are the least corrosive and can be used as the ideal energy storage medium for stainless steel phase change heat storage and heat exchange devices.

scholarly journals Identification of phospholipase B from Dictyostelium discoideum reveals a new lipase family present in mammals, flies and nematodes, but not yeast

2004 ◽  
Vol 382 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive P. MORGAN ◽  
Robert INSALL ◽  
Lee HAYNES ◽  
Shamshad COCKCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Phospholipase B ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum exhibits high activities of phospholipase and lysophospholipase [Ferber, Munder, Fischer and Gerisch (1970) Eur. J. Biochem. 14, 253–257]. We assayed Dictyostelium lysates to demonstrate the presence of a highly active phospholipase B (PLB) enzyme that removed both fatty-acid chains from phosphatidylcholine and produced the water-soluble glycerophosphorylcholine. We purified the PLB activity from Dictyostelium cytosol using standard agarose media (size exclusion and ion exchange), and combined this with an affinity purification step using myristoylated ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1), a protein which has a single fatty acid at its N-terminus. Two proteins co-purified (48 kDa and 65 kDa), and the 48 kDa protein was digested with trypsin, peptide fragments were separated by reverse-phase chromatography, and the resultant peptides were sequenced by Edman degradation. From the peptide sequences obtained, database searches revealed a gene which encodes a protein of 65 kDa with unknown function. The 48 kDa protein therefore appears to be a fragment of the full-length 65 kDa product. Expression of the gene in Escherichia coli confirmed that it encodes a PLB. Characterization of its substrate specificity indicated that, in addition to phosphatidylcholine deacylation, the enzyme also hydrolysed phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The PLB identified in the present study is not related to existing PLBs found in bacteria, fungi or mammals. There are, however, genes similar to Dictyostelium PLB in mammals, flies, worms and Giardia, but not in yeast. We therefore have identified a novel family of intracellular PLBs.

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

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