New heteroaromatic compounds. XXV. Studies of salt formation in boron oxyacids by boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 2408-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. S. Dewar ◽  
Richard. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Heteroaromatic Compounds ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Phenyl group as a probe in the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of the conformations of quaternary heteroaromatic carbapenem antibiotics. Identification of the site of quaternization in -SCH2- substituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic derivatives

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanga S. Rao ◽  
Jean-Paul Daris ◽  
Marcel Menard
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
Conformational Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
Heteroaromatic Compounds ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The phenyl group is shown as a useful probe in sensing the environment in the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance conformational study of a variety of quaternary heteroaromatic carbapenem derivatives. The influence of the -SCH2- substituent in determining the site of quaternization in nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds is demonstrated through the acidity measurements of these methylene protons.

Lithiation of five-membered heteroaromatic compounds. The methyl substituted 1,2-azoles, oxadiazoles, and thiadiazoles

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 2006-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Micetich
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Heteroaromatic Compounds ◽  
Azomethine Bond ◽  
Acetic Acids ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The lithiation of various methyl substituted isoxazoles, isothiazoles, pyrazoles, oxadiazoles, and thiadiazoles using n-butyllithium has been studied. Three types of reactions, namely, lateral lithiation, ring cleavage, and addition of butyllithium to the ring, have been found. 3,5-Dimethylisoxazole, 3-phenyl-5-methylisoxazole, 3,4-dimethyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 3-phenyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole all undergo lateral lithiation to give the respective acetic acids after carboxylation. 1-Methyl-3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles form the 1-lithiomethyl derivatives, while 1-phenyl-3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles are converted to the 1-ortholithiophenyl-3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles. 4-Methylisothiazole is lithiated mainly at C-5, but also suffers ring cleavage to form 1-n-butylthio-2-cyanoprop-1-ene. Heteroaromatic compounds containing an N—S bond, such as 3,4-dimeth yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole, 4-methyl-5-phenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole, and 3,5-dimethylisothiazole, undergo nucleophilic attack at sulfur with resulting ring cleavage. 3,5-Dimethylisothiazole produces 2-n-butylthiopent-2-en-4-one. 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole gave 3-methyl-5-phenyl-5-n-butyl-1,2,4-dihydroöxadiazole by addition to the azomethine bond. The results of these lithiations are discussed. 3-Methyl-5-lithiomethylisoxazole was converted to various derivatives. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis was used to establish the identity of the products.

An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
M.J. Hennessy ◽  
E. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Nmr Microscopy ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temperature Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 828-829
Author(s):  
Paul C. Lauterbur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradients ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can reach microscopic resolution, as was noted many years ago, but the first serious attempt to explore the limits of the possibilities was made by Hedges. Resolution is ultimately limited under most circumstances by the signal-to-noise ratio, which is greater for small radio receiver coils, high magnetic fields and long observation times. The strongest signals in biological applications are obtained from water protons; for the usual magnetic fields used in NMR experiments (2-14 tesla), receiver coils of one to several millimeters in diameter, and observation times of a number of minutes, the volume resolution will be limited to a few hundred or thousand cubic micrometers. The proportions of voxels may be freely chosen within wide limits by varying the details of the imaging procedure. For isotropic resolution, therefore, objects of the order of (10μm) may be distinguished.Because the spatial coordinates are encoded by magnetic field gradients, the NMR resonance frequency differences, which determine the potential spatial resolution, may be made very large. As noted above, however, the corresponding volumes may become too small to give useful signal-to-noise ratios. In the presence of magnetic field gradients there will also be a loss of signal strength and resolution because molecular diffusion causes the coherence of the NMR signal to decay more rapidly than it otherwise would. This phenomenon is especially important in microscopic imaging.

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