Equilibrium constants for gas-phase ionic reactions. Accurate determination of relative proton affinities

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (17) ◽  
pp. 4314-4315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Aue ◽  
Michael T. Bowers ◽  
Hugh M. Webb ◽  
Robert T. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Proton Affinities ◽  
Ionic Reactions

Study of a-Si:H / c-Si Heterojunctions for PV Applications

1996 ◽  
Vol 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zignani ◽  
R. Galloni ◽  
R. Rizzoli ◽  
M. Ruth ◽  
C. Summonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hydrogen Dilution ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency

Abstracta-Si:H / c-Si heterojunction diodes were produced by PECVD with varying amorphous silicon layer thickness and hydrogen dilution of the gas phase. An accurate determination of the growth rate also in the initial stages of the deposition was made possible by an original chemical method based on the dissolution of the films followed by spectroscopical analysis of the obtained solution.The electrical characterization of the diodes confirms the generation - recombination - multitunneling nature of the transport. Although H2 dilution is important, however, beyond a certain level it is detrimental for the junction quality, probably due to the transition to a microcrystalline phase deposition. Solar cells were also produced, the best results being an open circuit voltage of 610 mV and an intrinsic efficiency of 14.2%.

Solvation of Cl− and O2− with H2O, CH3OH, and CH3CN in the gas phase

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (15) ◽  
pp. 2507-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yamdagni ◽  
J. D. Payzant ◽  
P. Kebarle
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Free Energies

Determination of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants Kn,n−1 for the reactions A −Bn = A −Bn−1 + B where A− equals Cl− and O2− and B is HOH, CH3OH, or CH3CN leads to the corresponding ΔH0n−1, ΔG0n−1,n, and ΔS0n−1,n values. The experimental technique is based on mass spectrometric detection of ions escaping from a high pressure ion source. At n = 1, Cl− is solvated most strongly by methanol, then CH3CN and HOH. At higher n a cross over is observed with water becoming the best solvent. These results are in agreement with the positive transfer enthalpies and free energies for Cl− from the liquid solvents HOH → CH3OH and HOH → CH3CN reported in the literature.O2− is solvated more strongly than Cl− appearing thus as an ion of "size" intermediate between Cl− and F− Again CH3OH gives the highest interaction for n = 1, however for n > 1 water gives stronger interactions.

Experimental determination of the gas phase proton affinities of the conjugate base anions of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and 2-iodosobenzoic acid (IBA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Waters ◽  
Jack Boulton ◽  
Timothy Clark ◽  
Michael J. Gallen ◽  
Craig M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Proton Affinities ◽  
Iodosobenzoic Acid ◽  
Conjugate Base

Low-energy vibrational spectra of flexible diphenyl molecules: biphenyl, diphenylmethane, bibenzyl and 2-, 3- and 4-phenyltoluene

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (40) ◽  
pp. 22062-22072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Martin-Drumel ◽  
O. Pirali ◽  
C. Falvo ◽  
P. Parneix ◽  
A. Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Phase Spectra

Gas phase spectra of six bi-phenyl molecules are reported allowing an accurate determination of their active low-frequency vibrational modes.

Kinetic Evaluation of Carbon Formation in Steam/CO2-Natural Gas Reformers. Influence of the Catalyst Activity and Alkalinity

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost-Willem Snoeck ◽  
Gilbert Froment ◽  
Martin Fowles
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Detailed Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The production of synthesis gas with a low H2/CO ratio from natural gas requires recycling the produced CO2, but this enhances the risk of carbon formation. A simulation model for steam/CO2 reformers comprising detailed kinetics of the main reactions but also of the carbon formation and gasification was used to evaluate the potential of carbon formation in the bulk gas phase and inside the catalyst particles along the reactor tube. Simulation results are presented for a number of cases with varying amounts of CO2 in the feed. The model permits an accurate determination of the minimum amount of steam or the maximum amount of CO2 that can be tolerated in the feed. Thermodynamic and kinetic criteria are compared, and a strategy for the evaluation of the risk of carbon formation is proposed. The importance of the activity level of the catalyst and of its alkalinity is also illustrated.

The Hydrogen Bond Energies in ClHCl− and Cl−(HCl)n

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (13) ◽  
pp. 2449-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yamdagni ◽  
P. Kebarle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Bond Energies ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Weakly Bound ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Large N ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Energies

The equilibrium constants for the gas phase reactions: Cl−(HCl)n = Cl−(HCl)n−1 + HCl, (n, n−1) were measured at different temperatures with a pulsed electron beam high pressure mass spectrometer. This allowed determination of ΔGn,n−10, ΔHn,n−10, and ΔSn,n−10 for reactions with n = 1 to n = 4. The enthalpy change for the reaction: (ClHCl)− = Cl− + HCl was ΔH1.00 = 23.7 kcal/mol. This value is much higher than the literature value of 14.2 kcal/mol based on Born cycles. The stabilities of the Cl−(HCl)n clusters are compared with those of OH−(H2O)n and Cl−(H2O)n measured earlier. It is found that the (ClHCl)− is nearly as stable as the (HOHOH)− species but that the stabilities of the higher Cl−(HCl)n clusters decreases much more rapidly than that of OH−(H2O)n. The initial strong interaction in (ClHCl) is assumed to be due to the high polarizability of Cl. For large n this effect becomes unimportant. Cl−HOH is much more weakly bound than (ClHCl)−, however, at high n the Cl−(H2O)n interactions become more favorable.

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