Gas-phase organometallic chemistry of Ni+, NiCO+, NiPF3+, and NiC5H5+ with aromatic compounds

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stepnowski ◽  
John Allison
Keyword(s):  
Organometallic Chemistry ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds

Gas phase pyrolysis of coal-related aromatic compounds in a coiled tube flow reactor

Fuel ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odolphus S.L. Bruinsma ◽  
Peter J.J. Tromp ◽  
Henry J.J. de Sauvage Nolting ◽  
Jacob A. Moulijn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Tube Flow ◽  
Coiled Tube

scholarly journals Scavenging ratio of polycyclic aromatic compounds in rain and snow at the Athabasca oil sands region

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 19395-19429
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
I. Cheng ◽  
D. Muir ◽  
J.-P. Charland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Alkylated Pahs ◽  
Snow Samples ◽  
Air Concentrations

Abstract. Athabasca oil sands industry in northern Alberta, Canada is a possible source of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Monitored PACs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, and dibenzothiophenes, in precipitation and in air at three near-source sites in the Fort MacKay and Fort McMurray area during May 2011 to August 2012 were analyzed to generate a database of scavenging (or washout) ratios (Wt) for PACs scavenged by both snow and rain. Median precipitation and air concentrations of parent PAHs over the May 2011 to August 2012 period ranged from 0.3–184.9 (chrysene) ng L−1 and 0.01–3.9 (naphthalene) ng m−3, respectively, which were comparable to literature values. Higher concentrations in precipitation and air were observed for alkylated PAHs and dibenzothiophenes. The median precipitation and air concentrations were 11.3–646.7 (C3-fluoranthene/pyrene) ng L−1 and 0.21–16.9 (C3-naphthalene) ng m−3, respectively, for alkylated PAHs, and 8.5–530.5 (C4-dibenzothiophene) ng L−1 and 0.13–6.6 (C2-dibenzothiophene) ng m−3 for dibenzothiophenes and their alkylated derivatives. Median Wt over the measurement period were 6100–1.1 × 106 from snow scavenging and 350–2.3 × 105 from rain scavenging depending on the PAC species. Median Wt for parent PAHs were within the range of those observed at other urban and suburban locations. But Wt for acenaphthylene in snow samples was 2–7 times higher. Some individual snow and rain samples exceeded literature values by a factor of 10. Wt for benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene in snow samples had reached 107, which is the maximum for PAH snow scavenging ratios reported in literature. From the analysis of data subsets, Wt for particulate-phase dominant PACs were 14–20 times greater than gas-phase dominant PACs in snow samples and 7–20 times greater than gas-phase dominant PACs in rain samples. Wt from snow scavenging was ∼9 times greater than rain scavenging for particulate-phase dominant PACs and 4–9.6 times greater than rain scavenging for gas-phase dominant PACs. Gas-particle fractions of each PAC, particle size distributions of particulate-phase dominant PACs, and Henry's Law constant of gas-phase dominant PACs explained, to a large extent, the different Wt values among the different PACs and precipitation types. This study verified findings from a previous study of Wang et al. (2014) which suggested that snow scavenging is more efficient than rain scavenging of particles for equivalent precipitation amount, and also provided new knowledge on the scavenging of gas-phase PACs by snow and rain.

Gas phase pyrolysis of coal-related aromatic compounds in a coiled tube flow reactor

Fuel ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odolphus S.L. Bruinsma ◽  
Rob S. Geertsma ◽  
Pim Bank ◽  
Jacob A. Moulijn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Tube Flow ◽  
Coiled Tube

scholarly journals Scavenging ratios of polycyclic aromatic compounds in rain and snow in the Athabasca oil sands region

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1421-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
I. Cheng ◽  
D. Muir ◽  
J.-P. Charland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Alkylated Pahs ◽  
Scavenging Ratios ◽  
Snow Samples

Abstract. The Athabasca oil sands industry in northern Alberta, Canada, is a possible source of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Monitored PACs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), in precipitation and in air at three near-source sites in the Fort MacKay and Fort McMurray area during January 2011 to May 2012, were used to generate a database of scavenging ratios (Wt) for PACs scavenged by both snow and rain. Higher concentrations in precipitation and air were observed for alkylated PAHs and DBTs compared to the other PACs. The sums of the median precipitation concentrations over the period of data analyzed were 0.48 μ g L−1 for the 18 PAHs, 3.38 μ g L−1 for the 20 alkylated PAHs, and 0.94 μ g L−1 for the 5 DBTs. The sums of the median air concentrations for parent PAHs, alkylated PAHs, and DBTs were 8.37, 67.26, and 11.83 ng m−3, respectively. Median Wt over the measurement period were 6100 – 1.1 × 106 from snow scavenging and 350 – 2.3 × 105 from rain scavenging depending on the PAC species. Median Wt for parent PAHs were within the range of those observed at other urban and suburban locations, but Wt for acenaphthylene in snow samples were 2–7 times higher compared to other urban and suburban locations. Wt for some individual snow and rain samples exceeded literature values by a factor of 10. Wt for benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene in snow samples had reached 107, which is the maximum for PAH snow scavenging ratios reported in the literature. From the analysis of data subsets, Wt for particulate-phase dominant PACs were 14–20 times greater than gas-phase dominant PACs in snow samples and 7–20 times greater than gas-phase dominant PACs in rain samples. Wt from snow scavenging were ~ 9 times greater than from rain scavenging for particulate-phase dominant PACs and 4–9.6 times greater than from rain scavenging for gas-phase dominant PACs. Gas-particle fractions of each PAC, particle size distributions of particulate-phase dominant PACs, and the Henry's law constant of gas-phase dominant PACs explained, to a large extent, the different Wt values among the different PACs and precipitation types. The trend in Wt with increasing alkyl substitutions may be attributed to their physico-chemical properties, such as octanol–air and particle partition coefficients and subcooled vapor pressure, which increases gas-particle partitioning and, subsequently, the particulate mass fraction. This study verified findings from a previous study of Wang et al. (2014) that suggested that snow scavenging is more efficient than rain scavenging of particles for equivalent precipitation amounts, and also provided new knowledge of the scavenging of gas-phase PACs and alkylated PACs by snow and rain.

Two-stage ion beam mass spectrometry I. The apparatus and its use to study the reaction of acetylium (CH 3 CO + ) and nitronium (NO + 2 ) ions with aromatic compounds in the gas phase

1974 ◽  
Vol 337 (1610) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Electron Transfer Reaction ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Type C

The construction of a two-stage ion beam mass spectrometer is described. Ions formed by electron impact are focused into a beam which enters a reaction vessel containing neutral molecules at a relatively high pressure. Secondary ions formed by reaction between the primary ion beam and neutral molecules are repelled out at right angles to the primary beam into a conventional magnetic analyser. The instrument was calibrated using the known Ar + + Ar → Ar + Ar + electron transfer reaction. It was then used to study the reaction of acetylium (CH 3 CO + ) and nitronium (NO + 2 ) ions with aromatic compounds. The principal secondary ions were those involving electron transfer from the aromatic nucleus, but in addition ions of the type C 6 H 6 NO + 2 formed by addition of the primary ion to the aromatic compound were detected. However, the relative ‘yield’ of adduct ion from different aromatic compounds showed little correlation with the reactivity of these compounds towards acylation or nitration in solution.

Gas-Phase Destruction of VOCs Using TiO2/UV and TiO2/O3/UV

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana M. Alberici ◽  
Wilson F. Jardim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Deactivation

AbstractGas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of different classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alkanes, ketones, alcohols, chlorinated compounds and aromatic compounds, was investigated using an annular thin film reactor. For all organic compounds tested, catalytic deactivation was not observed, except for toluene (506 ppmv). For this compound, maximum destruction (87%) was maintained during the first 60 min of irradiation, dropping steadily due to catalyst deactivation to 20% after 150 min. The use of ozone as auxiliary agent in the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene and pyridine was also tested. For toluene, when O

scholarly journals Arthur John Birch. 3 August 1915 — 8 December 1995

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney W. Rickards ◽  
John Cornforth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Organometallic Chemistry ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Science ◽  
The Subject

Arthur John Birch AC CMG FAA FRS was one of the great masters of organic chemistry of the twentieth century. His extraordinary creativity left its imprint across the breadth of the subject in its broadest sense, from synthesis to biochemistry to organometallic chemistry. He remains best known for the reaction that bears his name, the Birch reduction of aromatic compounds by solutions of sodium and ethanol in liquid ammonia. This process has wide application, most notably in the commercial synthesis of oral contraceptives, giving rise to his being called ‘the father of the pill’, although he himself preferred the more remote ‘grandfather’ relationship. His polyketide theory, which accounts for the biosynthetic origins of a wide range of natural products, is less widely acknowledged today simply because it has become absorbed into the accepted knowledge base of the subject. His final researches on the use of diene iron tricarbonyl derivatives in synthesis are equally distinguished and have prompted others to extend their application. During his career he was involved in the design of three new university chemistry buildings, one of which now bears his name, and contributed influential advice to governments on national science policies.

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