Probing Electrostatic Effects:  Formation and Characterization of Zwitterionic Ions and Their “Neutral” Counterparts in the Gas Phase

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (37) ◽  
pp. 9014-9018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Broadus ◽  
Steven R. Kass
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Electrostatic Effects

Characterization of 56 airborne persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in gas-phase and particle-phase

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yingjian Dong ◽  
Siyuan Li ◽  
Xuehan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Particle Phase

scholarly journals Characterization of gas-phase thorium nitride

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (14) ◽  
pp. 144304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh T. Le ◽  
Sanjay G. Nakhate ◽  
Duc-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Timothy C. Steimle ◽  
Michael C. Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase

ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Ionized Carbenes in the Gas Phase

ChemInform ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Robert Flammang ◽  
Minh Tho Nguyen ◽  
Guy Bouchoux ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Abstract Characterization

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Native Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Methods to Monitor Homogeneous Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Evolène Deslignière ◽  
Anthony Ehkirch ◽  
Bastiaan L. Duivelshof ◽  
Hanna Toftevall ◽  
Jonathan Sjögren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Native Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Conjugation Process ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biotherapeutics consisting of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked covalently to a cytotoxic drug. Early generation ADCs were predominantly obtained through non-selective conjugation methods based on lysine and cysteine residues, resulting in heterogeneous populations with varying drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR). Site-specific conjugation is one of the current challenges in ADC development, allowing for controlled conjugation and production of homogeneous ADCs. We report here the characterization of a site-specific DAR2 ADC generated with the GlyCLICK three-step process, which involves glycan-based enzymatic remodeling and click chemistry, using state-of-the-art native mass spectrometry (nMS) methods. The conjugation process was monitored with size exclusion chromatography coupled to nMS (SEC-nMS), which offered a straightforward identification and quantification of all reaction products, providing a direct snapshot of the ADC homogeneity. Benefits of SEC-nMS were further demonstrated for forced degradation studies, for which fragments generated upon thermal stress were clearly identified, with no deconjugation of the drug linker observed for the T-GlyGLICK-DM1 ADC. Lastly, innovative ion mobility-based collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches were used to assess the gas-phase behavior of compounds along the conjugation process, highlighting an increased resistance of the mAb against gas-phase unfolding upon drug conjugation. Altogether, these state-of-the-art nMS methods represent innovative approaches to investigate drug loading and distribution of last generation ADCs, their evolution during the bioconjugation process and their impact on gas-phase stabilities. We envision nMS and CIU methods to improve the conformational characterization of next generation-empowered mAb-derived products such as engineered nanobodies, bispecific ADCs or immunocytokines.

Consistent characterization of the electronic ground state of Iron (II) Phthalocyanine from valence and core-shell electron spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurent ◽  
John Bozek ◽  
Marc BRIANT ◽  
Pierre Carcabal ◽  
Denis Cubaynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Organometallic Compound ◽  
Electronic Ground State ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Electron ◽  
Phthalocyanine Molecule ◽  
Electronic Ground

We studied the Iron (II) Phthalocyanine molecule in the gas-phase. It is a complex transition organometallic compound, for which, the characterization of its electronic ground state is still debated more...

Capture of CO2 by a Cationic Nickel(I) Complex in the Gas Phase and Characterization of the Bound, Activated CO2 Molecule by Cryogenic Ion Vibrational Predissociation Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian S. Menges ◽  
Stephanie M. Craig ◽  
Niklas Tötsch ◽  
Aaron Bloomfield ◽  
Subrata Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Vibrational Predissociation

scholarly journals Thermodynamic characterization of Mexico City aerosol during MILAGRO 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9203-9233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fountoukis ◽  
A. Nenes ◽  
A. Sullivan ◽  
R. Weber ◽  
T. VanReken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculations

Abstract. Fast measurements of aerosol and gas-phase constituents coupled with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model are used to study the partitioning of semivolatile inorganic species and phase state of Mexico City aerosol sampled at the T1 site during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign. Overall, predicted semivolatile partitioning agrees well with measurements. PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in ammonia but is to acidic semivolatile species. Semi-volatile partitioning equilibrates on a timescale between 6 and 20 min. When the aerosol sulfate-to-nitrate molar ratio is less than 1, predictions improve substantially if the aerosol is assumed to follow the deliquescent phase diagram. Treating crustal species as "equivalent sodium" (rather than explicitly) in the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations introduces important biases in predicted aerosol water uptake, nitrate and ammonium; neglecting crustals further increases errors dramatically. This suggests that explicitly considering crustals in the thermodynamic calculations are required to accurately predict the partitioning and phase state of aerosols.

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