Application of the Glycal Assembly Method to the Concise Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates of Ley and Leb Blood Group Determinants and of H-Type I and H-Type II Oligosaccharides

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 5701-5711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Danishefsky ◽  
Victor Behar ◽  
John T. Randolph ◽  
Kenneth O. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Assembly Method

Defining the Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the ABO High Expresser Phenotype.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2119-2119
Author(s):  
Diarmaid O Donghaile ◽  
Vince P Jenkins ◽  
Rachel McGrath ◽  
Lisa Preston ◽  
Roger JS Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Abo Genotype

Abstract Abstract 2119 Poster Board II-96 ABO(H) blood group antigen expression on platelets varies widely among normal blood donors. An ABO ‚High Expresser' phenotype (HXP) that exhibits significantly increased A and/or B antigen expression on platelets has been identified in ∼7% of normal donors. HXP has been implicated in both platelet-refractoriness and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, however, the underlying molecular and genetic elements that mediate this phenomenon are not well-defined. To investigate the mechanisms underlying HXP, blood samples were collected from 231 group A (180 A1and 51 A2) and 310 group O individual apheresis platelet donors. Quantitative expression of platelet A and H antigen were then assessed by flow cytometry of platelet-rich plasma. In total, 10 A1 donors (5.6%) exhibited HXP. Analysis of the platelet A antigen expression in these individuals identified 8 HXP donors who exhibited ‚type I' HXP (normal bimodal population of platelets, but with predominant A antigen expression) whereas 2 individuals exhibited ‚type II' HXP (a single uniform population of platelets, strongly positive for blood group A expression). Both types of HXP were found to be a stable donor characteristic. ABO(H) determinants have also been identified on the N-linked glycans of the plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), and influence plasma VWF levels and susceptibility to proteolysis by ADAMTS13. To determine whether HXP was platelet-specific, blood group A antigen expression on plasma VWF from group A donors was determined. Interestingly, blood group A antigen expression on plasma VWF was concordantly increased in donors with type I and type II HXP, indicative of increased glycosyltransferase expression in HXP individuals. To ascertain whether increased glycosyltransferase expression contributes to HXP, ABO genotype was determined for all 231 group A donors by PCR-RFLP analysis. Genotype at the ABO locus on 9q34 exerts a dosage effect on glycosyltransferase expression. 80% HXP (all type I) donors were genotyped A1A1. suggesting increased A transferase activity contributes to type I HXP. Despite this, the majority of A1A1individuals (67%) did not exhibit HXP, and 2 HXP donors were found to possess the A2 allele, which expresses limited A transferase enzymatic activity. Collectively, this data clearly demonstrates the contribution of additional factors to ABO genotype that contribute to HXP. To identify additional HXP modifiers, potential enhancer repeat elements upstream of the ABO gene were examined in group A donors, including those with HXP. Typically, A1alleles contain a single 43-base pair repeat within a minisatellite positive regulatory region upstream of the ABO gene. In contrast, A2and O1alleles contain four 43bp repeats, which are associated with a 100-fold enhancement of transcriptional activity. Analysis of this enhancer region demonstrated two HXP donors with A1alleles containing four copies of the 43-base pair repeat. Consequently, this allele would be predicted to modulate A transferase expression via enhanced ABO gene transcription. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the multi-factorial nature of the regulatory elements mediating platelet type I and type II HXP. A1alleles containing novel upstream enhancer repeats identified in donor individuals may represent a novel genetic mediator of HXP, and contribute to the pathophysiology associated with this phenomenon independently of ABO genotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Aid for Personal Identification: Stereomicroscopic Morphological Patterns of Lip Print

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Lower Quadrant ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Practical Reality

The lip prints being uniform throughout the life and characteristics of person can be used to verify the presence or absence of a person from the crime, provided there has been consumption of beverages, drinks, usage of cloth, tissues or napkin etc., at the crime scene. The objectives of this study were to find out the distribution of different lip print patterns among Myanmar males and females and to determine the relationship between lip prints and blood group. Thin layer of lip-stick was applied on the lips of these subjects. The hinged portion of a folded paper was inserted between the lips and the sub-jects were asked to press their lips onto it. Only middle 10 mm of both upper and lower lips were taken as study area. The lip prints, thus obtained were studied on the basis of Tsuchihashi’s classification. There was significant difference between male and female lip print patterns. Type II was most common in both gender. Type I was more common in male and Type II, III and IV were more common in female. The most common lip print patterns in left lower quadrant was Type III and Type II pattern was most common in other three quadrants. The least common pattern was Type V in all quadrants for both gender. No correlation was found between lip print patterns and ABO blood group system. Lip print pattern can be used as an additional tool for personal identification and gender determination. Further work on the subject can help to make cheiloscopy a practical reality in the forensic identification process.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

OPTICAL STUDIES OF TYPE I AND TYPE II RECOMBINATION IN GaAs-AlAs QUANTUM WELLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-525-C5-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. MOORE ◽  
P. DAWSON ◽  
C. T. FOXON
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Optical Studies

An old friend is better than two new ones? Approaches to market research in the context of digital transformation for the antitrust laws enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
O. A. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Type Ii Errors

Digital transformation has led to changes in business models of traditional players in the existing markets. What is more, new entrants and new markets appeared, in particular platforms and multisided markets. The emergence and rapid development of platforms are caused primarily by the existence of so called indirect network externalities. Regarding to this, a question arises of whether the existing instruments of competition law enforcement and market analysis are still relevant when analyzing markets with digital platforms? This paper aims at discussing advantages and disadvantages of using various tools to define markets with platforms. In particular, we define the features of the SSNIP test when being applyed to markets with platforms. Furthermore, we analyze adjustment in tests for platform market definition in terms of possible type I and type II errors. All in all, it turns out that to reduce the likelihood of type I and type II errors while applying market definition technique to markets with platforms one should consider the type of platform analyzed: transaction platforms without pass-through and non-transaction matching platforms should be tackled as players in a multisided market, whereas non-transaction platforms should be analyzed as players in several interrelated markets. However, if the platform is allowed to adjust prices, there emerges additional challenge that the regulator and companies may manipulate the results of SSNIP test by applying different models of competition.

Two Different UGT1A1 Mutations causing Crigler–Najjar Syndrome types I and II in an Iranian Family

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Maruo ◽  
Mahdiyeh Behnam ◽  
Shinichi Ikushiro ◽  
Sayuri Nakahara ◽  
Narges Nouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Type I ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Iranian Family ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase

Background: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I (CN-1) and type II (CN-2) are rare hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia disorders. However, there have been no reports regarding the co-existence of CN-1 and CN-2 in one family. We experienced a case of an Iranian family that included members with either CN-1 or CN-2. Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) gene that resulted in residual enzymatic activity.Case report: The female proband developed severe hyperbilirubinemia [total serum bilirubin concentration (TB) = 34.8 mg/dL] with bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) and died after liver transplantation. Her family history included a cousin with kernicterus (TB = 30.0 mg/dL) diagnosed as CN-1. Her great grandfather (TB unknown) and uncle (TB = 23.0 mg/dL) developed jaundice, but without any treatment, they remained healthy as CN-2. Results: The affected cousin was homozygous for a novel frameshift mutation (c.381insGG, p.C127WfsX23). The affected uncle was compound heterozygous for p.C127WfsX23 and p.V225G linked with A(TA)7TAA. p.V225G-UGT1A1 reduced glucuronidation activity to 60% of wild-type. Thus, linkage of A(TA)7TAA and p.V225G might reduce UGT1A1 activity to 18%–36 % of the wild-type. Conclusion: Genetic and in vitro expression analyses are useful for accurate genetic counseling for a family with a history of both CN-1 and CN-2. Abbreviations: CN-1: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I; CN-2: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type II; GS: Gilbert syndrome; UGT1A1: bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; WT: Wild type; TB: total serum bilirubin.

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