Absolute Rate Constants for Atomic Fluorine in Solution: Characterization of Reaction Intermediates in the Laser Flash Photolysis of Xenon Difluoride

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (22) ◽  
pp. 10076-10079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gotz Bucher ◽  
J. C. Scaiano
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Xenon Difluoride ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Atomic Fluorine

Laser flash photolysis determination of absolute rate constants for reactions of bromine atoms in solution

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (18) ◽  
pp. 8340-8344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Scaiano ◽  
M. Barra ◽  
M. Krzywinski ◽  
R. Sinta ◽  
G. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Absolute Rate

scholarly journals Measurements of Rate Constants for HO2 + NO and NH2 + NO Reactions by Time-Resolved Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Imamura ◽  
Nobuaki Washida
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

Absolute rate constants for HO2 + NO and NH2 + NO reactions were measured by a photoionization mass spectrometry coupled with a laser flash photolysis. HO2 and NH2 radicals were photoionized by an Ar resonance lamp and were detected as their parent ions (HO2+ and NH2+). The rate constants were determined to be K(HO2 + NO)=(6.5  ± 2.0) 10−12cm3molecule−1s−1K(NH2 + NO)=(1.9  ± 0.3) 10−11cm3molecule−1s−1 Both rates are consistent with those previously reported.

Direct detection of methylphenylgermylene and 1,2-dimethyl-1,2-diphenyldigermene — Kinetic studies of their reactivities in solution

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Leigh ◽  
Ileana G Dumbrava ◽  
Farahnaz Lollmahomed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽  
Diffusion Controlled

Photolysis of 1,3,4-trimethyl-1-phenylgermacyclopent-3-ene (5) in hydrocarbon solvents containing isoprene, methanol, or acetic acid affords 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (DMB) and the expected trapping products of methyl phenylgermylene (GeMePh) in chemical yields exceeding 90%. The germylene has been detected in hexane solution by laser flash photolysis as a short-lived species (τ ~ 2 µs) exhibiting a UV-vis absorption spectrum centered at λmax = 490 nm. It decays with second-order kinetics and a rate constant close to the diffusion-controlled limit, with the concomitant growth of a second longer-lived transient (λmax = 420 nm) that is assigned to a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-diphenyldigermene (4). Absolute rate constants have been determined for the reactions of the germylene with primary and tertiary amines (n-BuNH2 and Et3N, respectively), acetic acid (AcOH), a terminal alkyne and alkene, isoprene, DMB, CCl4, and the group 14 hydrides Et3SiH and Bu3SnH. GeMePh is slightly more reactive than GePh2 towards all the reagents studied in this work; both are significantly less reactive than GeMe2 toward the same substrates. Absolute rate constants for the reactions of 4 have also been measured or assigned upper limits in every case and are compared to previously reported values for tetraphenyl- and tetramethyl-digermene with the same reagents.Key words: germylene, digermene, kinetics, laser flash photolysis, germirane, germirene, vinylgermirane, complex, UV–vis spectrum, insertion, addition.

Electrophilicity of a 9-aryl-9-fluorenyl cation in water — Kinetic evidence for antiaromaticity

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ward ◽  
Tammy Messier ◽  
Matthew Lukeman
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Anionic Nucleophiles ◽  
Long Lifetime

The 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-fluorenyl cation (2) has been generated in 100% water by laser flash photolysis of 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9-fluorenol (3), representing the first observation of a 9-fluorenyl cation in this solvent with lifetimes in the microsecond timescale. The relatively long lifetime permitted quenching studies with a number of anionic nucleophiles, and bimolecular rate constants for each were determined. For both bromide and iodide, rate data suggest that an equilibrium between the cation and trapped product is rapidly established, followed by slower, irreversible trapping of the cation by water. The bimolecular rate constants obtained show that the generated 9-fluorenyl cation is significantly more reactive towards nucleophilic attack, by two orders of magnitude, than related triarylmethyl cations that lack the 4n π-system, lending support to the characterization of fluorenyl cations as antiaromatic.

Singlet Methylene Removal Rate Constants from the (0,1,0) Vibrational Level: Enhancement via Complex-Mediated Vibrational Relaxation

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Buntine ◽  
G.J. Gutsche ◽  
W.S. Staker ◽  
M.W. Heaven ◽  
K.D. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Level ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Vibrational Relaxation ◽  
Flash Photolysis ◽  
Laser Flash Photolysis ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Photolysis Laser ◽  
Singlet Methylene

The technique of laser flash photolysis/laser absorption has been used to obtain absolute removal rate constants for singlet methylene,

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