Spectra of the solvated electron in the presence of sodium cation in tetrahydrofuran and in its .alpha.,.alpha.'-methylated derivatives

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (13) ◽  
pp. 5086-5087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Piotrowiak ◽  
John R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Solvated Electron

Flame Photometry Characterization Procedure for Sodium Content in Brazilian Bentonites for Nanotechnology Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Hellen S. Santos ◽  
Karine L. Buarque da Silva ◽  
Ariel E. Zanini ◽  
Danilo S. Coelho ◽  
Marcelo Embiruçu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Average Value

Background: Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the characteristics of sodium bentonites. Objective: As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays, promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium. Methods: A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013 016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry. The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation, being thus analyzed by a flame photometer. Results: The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected. Conclusion: The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.

scholarly journals Optimization of the regeneration of the sodium-cation ion-exchange filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 012034 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yu Kalinichenko ◽  
N I Stojanov ◽  
D V Abornev ◽  
S V Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sodium Cation

Electric field impact on solvated electron reactions: Trapping of randomly walking electron

1999 ◽  
Vol 111 (13) ◽  
pp. 6016-6025 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Fedorenko ◽  
E. B. Krissinel ◽  
A. I. Burshtein
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Solvated Electron

Cells Containing Solvated Electron Lithium Negative Electrodes

1989 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 3559-3565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Uribe ◽  
Krystyna W. Semkow ◽  
Anthony F. Sammells
Keyword(s):  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Negative Electrodes

A New Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Based on L-Arginine and Polyoxoanion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1105 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Xiao Lin Ji ◽  
Tao Yu Zou ◽  
Zhen Fang Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Supramolecular Networks

Modifying polyoxometalates with organic and/or metal-organic moieties is a widely adopted method for broading the range of properties. In this work a new polyoxometalate constructed from Anderson-type polyoxoanions and L-arginine (Arg =L-arginine) molecules Na [CrMo6(OH)6O18]}(H2Arg)2·8H2O(1) has been synthesized via conventional method and characterized by routine techniques. Single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis shows that compound 1 is constructed by chiralL-arginine grafted Anderson-type clusters, sodium cation and water molecules which are further stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions constitute 3D supramolecular networks. In addition, both antitumor behavior and photocatalytic activities of compound 1 were investigated.

Cation-π interaction of the univalent sodium cation with [2.2.2]paracyclophane: Experimental and theoretical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1154 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Emanuel Makrlík ◽  
David Sýkora ◽  
Stanislav Böhm ◽  
Petr Vaňura
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Sodium Cation

Solvated electron in irradiated melts of alkaline halides

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Pikaev ◽  
I.E. Makarov ◽  
T.N. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Solvated Electron

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-413
Author(s):  
Yixing Zhao ◽  
Gordon R Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Solvated Electrons ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Solvent Dependence ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The energy and asymmetry of the optical absorption spectrum of solvated electrons, es- , change in a nonlinear fashion on changing the solvent through the series HOH, CH3OH, CH3CH3OH, (CH3)2CHOH, (CH3)3COH. The ultimate, quantum-statistical mechanical, interpretation of solvated electron spectra is needed to describe the solvent dependence. The previously reported optical spectrum of es- in tert-butanol was somewhat inaccurate, due to a small amount of water in the alcohol and to limitations of the infrared light detector. The present note records the remeasured spectrum and its temperature dependence. The value of the energy at the absorption maximum (EAmax) is 155 zJ (0.97 eV) at 299 K and 112 zJ (0.70 eV) at 338 K; the corresponding values of G epsilon max (10-22 m2 aJ-1) are 1.06 and 0.74. These unusually large changes are attributed to the abnormally rapid decrease of dielectric permittivity of tert-butanol with increasing temperature. The band asymmetry at 299 K is Wb/Wr = 1.8.Key words: optical absorption spectrum, solvated electron, solvent effects, tert-butanol, temperature dependence.

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