Conductance of hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride in supercooled dilute aqueous solution

1981 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakahara ◽  
N. Takisawa ◽  
J. Osugi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution

Stability of the Nerve Gas Antidote BIS (4-Hydroxyiminomethyl-1-Pyridinomethyl) Ether Dichloride (Toxogonin®)

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Kinetics Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nerve Gas ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The products and kinetics of hydrolysis of the nerve gas antidote bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl - 1 - pyridinemethyl) ether dichloride (Toxogonin ®) have been investigated. A survey of these studies is given: The hydrolytic reactions were studied in the pH range 1 M hydrochloric acid to 1 M sodium hydroxide at 25, 45, 75 and 85° C. Rate constants were determined in dilute aqueous solution, generally with an initial Toxogonin concentration of 0.01 mg per ml. In addition, a report is given concerning two-year storage of 25 percent (w/v) Toxogonin solutions at pH 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5. The solutions were stored in glass or polypropylene ampuls at 5, 15, 25 and 45°C. At 5 and 15C° decomposition was negligible, at 25 and 45 °C average decomposition was 1.5 percent and 3.3 percent, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of solvent on reaction velocity. V.-The interaction of N-chloroacetanilide and hydrobromic acid in dilute aqueous solution

1934 ◽  
Vol 144 (853) ◽  
pp. 643-655
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hydrobromic Acid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Hückel Theory ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acid Reaction

The interaction of N-chloroacetanilide and hydrobromic acid to form p - bromoacetanilide and hydrochloric acid has, unlike the corresponding reaction with hydrochloric acid. received comparatively little attention from a kinetic standpoint. It possesses, however, the advantage over the hydrochloric acid reaction, that its speed is much greater. It thus allows of the examination of mixtures containing only 0·001 M hydrobromic acid and of salt effects in the region of dilute concentration where the Debye-Hückel theory applies. The mechanism of the interaction is analogous to that of the chloroamine- hydrochloric acid reaction, where the first stage C 6 H 5 NClAC + HCL I → Cl 2 + C 6 H 5 NHAc II → ClC 6 H 4 NHAc +HCl determines the rate of transformation of the chloroamine in aqueous solution. Two corrections are necessary in this reaction if the true rate of interaction of chloroamine and acid is to be determined. The first correction is for the hydrolysis of the chloroamine under the influence of the acid, a rate mainly dependent on the H • ion concentration. Since the rate of the transformation depends on the product of the H • and Cl' ion concentrations, the correction for hydrolysis cannot l>e regarded as forming a constant fraction of the observed speed, particularly when the ratio of these ion concentrations is widely varied. The second correction is for the simultaneous formation of the chloroamim of the chloroanilides present. These chloroamines, which are formed pro-gressively, appear in the chloroamine titre and cause the measured reaction rate to be slower by 4-10% than the actual rat* of production of chlorine. This complication can be avoided by the presence of easily chlorinated sub-stances. such as anisole, p -cresol, or acetanilide, which remove the chlorine as formed.

THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYBENZENE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Singh ◽  
Louis Berlinguet
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Potassium Chlorate ◽  
Ammonium Formate ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
Derivatives Of

A few derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-nitromethylbenzyl alcohol (I) have been prepared. Chlorination with hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate gave 6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxy-α-nitromethylbenzyl alcohol (II) which on refluxing with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate gave 6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxy-ω-nitrostyrene (III). Attempted reduction of (I) with ammonium formate resulted in dehydration to give 3,4-methylenedioxy-ω-nitrostyrene (IV). Reduction of (I) with hydrazine hydrate gave an isobenzaldoxime (VI).β-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl) serine (VII) was prepared by the condensation of piperonal with glycine. α,β-Dibromo-β-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) propionic acid could not be aminated by a dilute aqueous solution of ethylamine. Decarboxylation and elimination of HBr took place to give ω-bromo-3,4-methylenedioxystyrene (VIII).

Studying dispersed and rheological properties of hydrocarbon-containing acid emulsions and their efficiency in removing asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Shumakher ◽  
V. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. P. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Effect Of The Composition

Currently, the treatment of the bottomhole formation zone with acidic compositions is one of the most common methods to intensify the oil inflow. The use of various modified acid compositions increases the efficiency of acid treatments on the bottomhole formation zone. Acid compositions, including those containing hydrocarbon solvents, which contribute to more efficient removal of organic colmatants, affect the reaction rate of the reagent with the rock and processing equipment, change the reservoir properties, etc.The article presents the results of experimental studies, which are aimed at establishing the effect of the composition of hydrocarbon-containing acidic emulsions consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, toluene and Neonol AF 9-10 on their dispersed and rheological properties, as well as their efficiency in removing paraffin deposits.

scholarly journals Freeze concentration of dilute aqueous solution

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi MIZUIKE ◽  
Shigeki KANO
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution
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