Sensitization by Nitrous Oxide to Radiation-Induced Cross Linking of Polyethylene

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 2120-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals UV Radiation Induced Cross-Linking of Whey Protein Isolate-Based Films

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schmid ◽  
Tobias Konrad Prinz ◽  
Kerstin Müller ◽  
Andreas Haas
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Protein Films ◽  
Disordered Protein ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Cross

Casted whey protein films exposed to ultraviolet irradiation were analyzed for their cross-linking properties and mechanical and barrier performance. Expected mechanical and barrier improvements are discussed with regard to quantification of the cross-linking in the UV-treated whey protein films. Swelling tests were used to determine the degree of swelling, degree of cross-linking, and cross-linking density. When the UV radiation dosage was raised, a significant increase of the tensile strength as well as an increase in Young’s modulus was observed. No significant changes in water vapor and oxygen barrier properties between the UV-treated films and an untreated reference sample could be observed. The cross-linking density and the degree of cross-linking significantly increased due to UV radiation. Combined results indicate a disordered protein network in cast films showing locally free volume and therefore only minor mechanical and barrier improvements.

scholarly journals Radiolysis of methylcyclohexane. IV. Effects of carbon tetrachloride and nitrous oxide in the vapor phase

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Holtslander ◽  
G. R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Chain Termination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Radiation Induced

There is a radiation-induced chain reaction in methylcyclohexane (MCH) – CCl4 mixtures in the vapor phase at 110° and 380 Torr. The chain-propagation products are chloroform and methylcyclohexylchloride (Gmax ≈ 40) and the chain-termination products are mainly methylcyclohexene (MC), bimethylcyclohexyl (C14), and hexachloroethane, depending on the composition of the mixture. At CCl4 concentrations < 1 mole%, HCl is formed mainly by reaction of Cl− with positive ions, e.g. Cl− + C7H14+ → HCl + C7H13. The value of the ratio G(MC)/G(C14) is 8 ± 1 in pure MCH and in the mixtures up to 44 mole% CCl4.There is a radiation-induced chain reaction in MCH–N2O mixtures in the vapor phase. At 110° and 380 Torr, G(N2) = 22, G(MC) = 16, and G(C14) = 1.6, independent of N2O concentration between 2 and 10 mole%. The G-values are independent of MCH pressure between 50 and 520 Torr. Product formation is inhibited by the addition of SF6 or DI. The half-life of the ion N2O− with respect to decomposition to N2 + O− is 10−4–10−3 s under these conditions. It is suggested that the mechanism contains the reactions [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]Reaction [24] is slightly exothermic. Reaction [25] is exothermic if the electron affinity of N2O is greater than that of C7H13.

NMR Study of the Radiation-Induced Cross-Linking of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether)

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (26) ◽  
pp. 8101-8108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Forsythe ◽  
D. J. T. Hill ◽  
A. L. Logothetis ◽  
T. Seguchi ◽  
A. K. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Cross-Linked Poly(acrylic acid) Hydrogel Containing Drug by Radiation-Based Techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Oh Jeong ◽  
Jae Baik ◽  
Sung-Jun An ◽  
Sung-In Jeong ◽  
Jae-Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) hydrogels possess good bioadhesive properties and allow enhanced penetration of drugs. In addition, it is possible to localize the absorption site of the drug in the hydrogel and increase the drug residence time. As opposed to other cross-linking processes radiation-induced polymer cross-linking can be easily and rapidly carried out without the use of cross-linking agents and other chemical additives. In this study, we fabricated metronidazole (MD) containing PAAc hydrogel (MD/PAAc) with different MD contents (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 wt%) using varying radiation doses (25, 50, 75 kGy) by gamma-irradiation. The physical and thermal properties were determined by gel content analysis, swelling ratio measurements, compressive strength measurements, differential scanning calorimetery, and thermogravimetric analysis. The properties of the hydrogel degraded due to the crystalline nature of MD. The properties of the hydrogel degraded due to the crystalline nature of MD. Cumulative release observed after 50 min in the case of 0.5MD/PAAc and 0.1MD/PAAc was 50% and 10%, respectively. Our findings suggest that MD/PAAc could be a suitable drug delivery carrier for use with radiation-based techniques.

Stability of Radiation Grafted Membranes in Electro-Electrodialysis of HIX Solution

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Tanaka ◽  
Tetsuya Yamaki ◽  
Masaharu Asano ◽  
Yasunari Maekawas ◽  
Kaoru Onuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Conducting Research

Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been conducting research and development on a thermochemical water-splitting cycle featuring iodine- and sulfur-compounds (called an IS process) as one of promising heat utilization systems of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors. We have prepared polymer electrolyte membranes by the radiation-induced graft polymerization and cross-linking methods and then have investigated their applicability to electro-electrodialysis (EED) for concentrating HI in an HI-I2-H2O mixture. For practical applications, EED membranes are required to be stable in the severe environment of high-temperature strongly acidic solutions. We thus examined thermal, chemical and electrochemical stabilities of the radiation-grafted membranes under the conditions of the actual EED operation over 100 hours, while measuring the time evolution of a cell voltage and a change in the ion exchange capacity between the EED experiment. The results showed that chemical cross-linking in the graft chains could largely improve the membrane stability.

Ultraviolet-B Radiation Induced Cross-linking Improves Physical Properties of Cold- and Warm-Water Fish Gelatin Gels and Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. E215-E223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio G. Otoni ◽  
Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos ◽  
Bor-Sen Chiou ◽  
Cristina Bilbao-Sainz ◽  
Peter J. Bechtel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Gelatin Gels ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Radiation Induced

Prohibition of radiation-induced cross-linking of silica-reinforced silicone foam by oxygenation with H2O2

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinyong Ao ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Pu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Hong-Bing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Silicone Foam ◽  
Radiation Induced
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