Temperature dependence of .DELTA.-Cp.deg. for the self-ionization of water and for the acid dissociation of acetic acid and benzoic acid in water

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance S. Leung ◽  
Ernest Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Ionization Of Water

Temperature dependence of the self-broadening coefficients of ethane

2008 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
Ghislain Blanquet ◽  
Jean Vander Auwera ◽  
Muriel Lepère
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
The Self

scholarly journals Oxidative Study of Benzaldehyde by Isoqauinolinium Bromo Chromate

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 5354-5359
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
K. N. Sharma ◽  
Arvind Prasad Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Kinetics Analysis ◽  
Keto Form ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Rate Of Reaction

The kinetics analysis of the oxidative reaction between benzaldehyde and oxidant is quinolinium Bromo chromate was reported in aqueous 40% acetic acid medium at 313 K. The rate of reaction varies first-power of [IQBC] and [H2SO4], whereas fractional-order kinetics was observed for benzaldehyde. The rate constant gradually increases with decrease in dielectric constant of the medium. The neutral salt does not alter the rate. The metal cations (Cu++) slightly accelerate the rate of oxidation when added to reaction mixture. The study rules out the participation of keto form of substrate in complex formation. Benzoic acid was identified as the end-product in stoichiometrically 1:1 based mechanism. The rate law was derived in accordance with the kinetic results.

Anaerobic pre-treatment of petrochemical effluents: terephthalic acid wastewater

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Joost Mortier ◽  
Look W. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
Gatze Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

During petrochemical production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA, 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid), a large quantity of concentrated effluent is produced. Main polluting compounds in this wastewater are terephthalic acid, acetic acid and benzoic acid in decreasing order of concentration. Acetic acid and benzoic acid are known to be rapidly degraded in high rate anaerobic treatment systems, such as Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactors. Concerning the kinetics of anaerobic mineralization of terephthalic acid, however, no information is available in literuature. Therefore our work focused on the anaerobic degradation of neutralized terephthalic acid (disodium terephthalate) in laboratory scale UASB-reactors and batch reactors. It was found that high rate anaerobic treatment of terephthalate was difficult to obtain due to the low growth rate (μ ≈ 0.04 day−1) of the terephthalate mineralizing mixed culture. The maximum removal capacity of a lab-scale UASB-reactor was found to be 3.9 g COD.1−1 .day−1 at a loading rate of 4.5 g COD.1−1 .day−1 and a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. Terephthalate was used as sole carbon source during these experiments. Addition of small amounts of sucrose (co-substrate) to the influent, as a source of reducing equivalents, was found to have a negative influence on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. Also benzoate was found to inhibit the mineralization of terephthalate. Batch-toxicity experiments showed that terephthalate is not toxic to any of the species involved in its mineralization. Based on these observations, a staged anaerobic reactor system is suggested for the anaerobic pre-treatment of PTA-wastewater.

Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Some Food Additives

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madduri Veerabhadrarao ◽  
Mandayam S Narayan ◽  
Omprakash Kapur ◽  
Chilukuri Suryaprakasa Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Liquid chromatographic methods are described for the separation and determination of non-nutritive sweeteners, namely, acesulfame, aspartame, saccharin, and dulcin; preservatives such as benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid; and caffeine and vanillin in ready-toserve beverages, ice candy, ice cream, squash beverage, tomato sauce, and dry beverage mix samples. These additives are separated on a ^Bondapak C18 column using methanol-acetic acid-water (20 + 5 + 75) as mobile phase and detected by UV absorption at 254 nm. Caffeine, vanillin, dulcin, and benzoic acid can be analyzed quickly by using a mobile phase of methanol-acetic acid-water (35 + 5 + 60). Aspartame can be separated in the presence of caffeine and vanillin by using the mobile phase pH 3 acetate buffer-methanol (95 + 5). Retention factors and minimum detectable limits are described. The percentage error and the percent relative standard deviation for 6 replicate samples ranged from 0.3 to 2.8 and from 1.64 to 3.60, respectively. Recovery of additives added to the foods named and analyzed by the direct method and by extraction ranged from 98.0 to 100.6% and from 91.6 to 101.8%, respectively. The proposed LC techniques are simple, rapid, and advantageous because all the additives can be detected in a single step, which makes it useful for the routine analysis of various food products.

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