Heats of mixing aqueous electrolytes. XIV. Charge-asymmetric mixtures of three salts at constant equivalents per kilogram. Lithium chloride-sodium chloride-magnesium chloride

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 1540-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wood ◽  
M. V. Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Heats Of Mixing

ABOLITION OF MAGNESIUM-INDUCED HYPOCALCAEMIA BY ACUTE THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN THE CAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pors Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

ABSTRACT Intravenous infusion of isotonic magnesium chloride into young cats with a resultant mean plasma magnesium concentration of 7.7 meq./100 g protein was followed by a significant lowering of the plasma calcium concentration in 90 minutes. The rate of decrease of plasma calcium is consistent with the hypothesis that calcitonin is released by magnesium in high concentrations. There was no decrease in the plasma calcium concentration in cats of the same weight thyroparathyroidectomized 60 min before an identical magnesium chloride infusion or an infusion of isotonic sodium chloride at the same flow rate. The hypercalciuric effect of magnesium could not account for the hypocalcaemic effect of magnesium. Plasma magnesium concentration during magnesium infusion into cats with an intact thyroid-parathyroid gland complex was slightly, but not significantly higher than in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized cats.

scholarly journals Correlations between the Type of Aggregates in the Bulk Phase and the Functionality and Safety of All-Purpose Cleaners

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Artur Seweryn ◽  
Tomasz Wasilewski ◽  
Anita Bocho-Janiszewska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Bulk Phase ◽  
Magnesium Salt ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Given

The article shows that the type and concentration of inorganic salt can be translated into the structure of the bulk phase and the performance properties of ecological all-purpose cleaners (APC). A base APC formulation was developed. Thereafter, two types of salt (sodium chloride and magnesium chloride) were added at various concentrations to obtain different structures in the bulk phase. The salt addition resulted in the formation of spherical micelles and—upon addition of more electrolyte—of aggregates having a lamellar structure. The formulations had constant viscosities (ab. 500 mPa·s), comparable to those of commercial products. Essential physical-chemical and performance properties of the four formulations varying in salt types and concentrations were evaluated. It was found that the addition of magnesium salt resulted in more favorable characteristics due to the surface activity of the formulations, which translated into adequately high wettability of the investigated hydrophobic surfaces, and their ability to emulsify fat. A decreasing relationship was observed in foaming properties: higher salt concentrations lead to worse foaming properties and foam stability of the solutions. For the magnesium chloride composition, the effect was significantly more pronounced, as compared to the sodium chloride-based formulations. As far as safety of use is concerned, the formulations in which magnesium salt was used caused a much lesser irritation compared with the other investigated formulations. The zein value was observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of the given type of salt in the composition.

RECIPROCAL SALT PAIRS, INVOLVING THE CATIONS Li2, Na2, AND K2, THE ANIONS SO4, AND Cl2, AND WATER, AT 25 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
E. G. Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Invariant Point ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Chloride Monohydrate

In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, K2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there are large areas in which potassium sulphate and potassium lithium sulphate (KLiSO4) are separately in equilibrium with solution. Two incongruent invariant points exist. At one of these the composition of the solution is 0.917 mole fraction chloride, 0.437 mole fraction lithium, and 19.4 moles of water per total mole of salt, the equilibrium solid phases being potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, and the double salt. At the second, the composition of the solution is 0.967 mole fraction chloride, 0.870 mole fraction lithium, and 13.8 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being potassium chloride, double salt, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. One congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is 1.00 mole fraction chloride, 0.960 mole fraction lithium, and 9.6 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being lithium sulphate monohydrate, lithium chloride monohydrate, and potassium chloride.In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, Na2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there is an incongruent invariant point at which the composition of the solution is 0.873 mole fraction chloride, 0.668 mole fraction lithium, and 15.1 moles water per total mole of salt, the solid phases being sodium chloride, solid solution of sodium and lithium sulphates, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. A congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is practically entirely lithium chloride, the solid phases present being lithium chloride monohydrate, lithium sulphate monohydrate, and sodium chloride.

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