Mean activity coefficients for the simple electrolyte in aqueous mixtures of polyelectrolyte and simple electrolyte. 4. The systems nickel chloride-nickel poly(styrenesulfonate), zinc chloride-zinc poly(styrenesulfonate), and cadmium chloride-cadmium poly(styrenesulfonate)

1978 ◽  
Vol 82 (22) ◽  
pp. 2388-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan C. T. Kwak ◽  
Richard W. P. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficients

Activity Coefficients of NaCl in Aqueous Mixtures with High Relative Permittivity Cosolvent: Ethylene Carbonate + Water at 298.15 K

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 3349-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Hernández-Luis ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Raposo ◽  
Héctor R. Galleguillos ◽  
Jaime W. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Carbonate Water ◽  
High Relative Permittivity

scholarly journals Mechanisms involved in the induction of aneuploidy: the significance of chromosome loss

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Seoane ◽  
A.M. Güerci ◽  
F.N. Dulout
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Chromium Chloride ◽  
Diploid Cells

The induction of aneuploidy by physical and chemical agents using different test systems was evaluated. The effect of X-rays, caffeine, acetaldehyde, ethanol, diethylstilbestrol, propionaldehyde, and chloral hydrate was studied by chromosome counting in Chinese hamster embryonic diploid cells. Aneugenic ability of cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, chromium chloride, nickel chloride, and nickel sulfate was assessed by means of anaphase-telophase analysis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Chromosome counting in human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) was employed to evaluate the effect of cacodilic acid, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and potassium dichromate. Finally, the induction of kinetochore-positive and kinetochore negative micronuclei by cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, chromium chloride, and nickel chloride was studied using CREST antibodies. When the effect of different agents was determined by chromosome counting, an increase of hypoploid but not of hyperploid cells was observed. Anaphase-telophase analysis showed that metal salts increased the frequency of lagging chromosomes. This finding has been confirmed by the increment of kinetochore-positive micronuclei using CREST antibodies. Therefore, chromosome loss could be considered as the main cause of induced aneuploidy.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT OF MUTANT LINES FROM COMMON WHEAT VARIETIES

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
N. Sarybay ◽  
◽  
Zh. Zh. Chunetova ◽  
D. M. Iskakova ◽  
B.A. Zhumabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Cadmium Salt

Among cereals, a special place is occupied by wheat as the main food of humanity and in improving the country's economy. The main task of breeding is to produce valuable wheat varieties that are stable to the unfavorable external environment of various natural climatic zones of Kazakhstan, consisting of a combination of valuable features. The prospects for the use of mutants in the process of hybridization are reflected in the achievements of world and domestic selection. The effect of various solutions of chemical compounds on the plant was observed from the first days during the growth of wheat sprouts. The growth of the first sprout of seeds treated with a certain solution of cadmium chloride and zinc chloride - 0.01%, the activity of cell division and structural disorders of chromosomes were manifested by variability in the varieties Kazakhstani3, Shagala, Zhenis and Lutescens 32. When treating dry wheat grain with a concentration of 0.1% cadmium chloride, it brought the growth of the Sprout to a lethal state, 0.01% inhibited the growth of the Sprout for 4 days, and in a 0.001% solution, the growth rate of the control grains was the same. On the contrary, a 0.1% vertical solution of zinc chloride inhibited the growth of the Sprout for 1 Week, 0.01% for three days. Among the studied concentrations, a 0.01% solution of cadmium chloride inhibited the growth of sprouts, causing chromosomal aberrations and morphological variability in cell division. Therefore, a concentration of 0.01% of cadmium salt was obtained as an optimal concentration to expand the limits of variability in wheat. In this regard, in our study, it was found that a 0.01% solution of cadmium chloride is an effective concentration that expands the limits of variability in wheat. The effect of this amount of solution leads to morphological changes in the plant (Binding of the stem, elongation of the earlobe, increase in the number and weight of grains in the headlobe, increase in the weight of 1000 grains, etc.), and changes in the characteristics of the M1 - M4 offspring are constantly inherited. Mutant lines L1, L2 and L3 differ in valuable breeding characteristics under the influence of a 0.01 percent solution of cadmium salt were obtained for the Kazakhstanskaya 3 and Shagala varieties. A genetic analysis of the type of development of these altered lines was carried out, as a result of which a long (16 cm) dense ear (0.80) changed from the Gull variety to a prismatic plant of the control variety (0.50), as a result of hybridization, its summer type (from the vrn gene) to the autumn type (Vrn gene). As a result of the study, Kazakhstanskaya 3, Kazakhstanskaya mutant 3 varieties contain the genes Vrn 1, Vrn 3. Well, it was found that Shagala varieties consist of the genes Vrnl, Vrn2. Varieties containing the genes Vrn1, Vrn3 show rapid maturation. However, they differed from each other in the period of intoxication.

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