Probing the transition state with negative ion photodetachment: the chlorine atom + hydrogen chloride and bromine atom + hydrogen bromide reactions

1990 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Metz ◽  
A. Weaver ◽  
S. E. Bradforth ◽  
T. N. Kitsopoulos ◽  
D. M. Neumark
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Negative Ion

Gas phase radiolysis of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and nitrous oxide with intense electron pulses

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3783-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Willis ◽  
A. W. Boyd ◽  
D. A. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Electron Pulses ◽  
Intense Electron ◽  
Very High

Hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide have been irradiated with single electron pulses at a very high intensity (1027 eV g−1 s−1) with a Febetron 705. At room temperature the yields of hydrogen from hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide, for pressures between 700 and 1200 Torr, are G(H2) = 8.1 ± 0.2 and G(H2) = 9.9 ± 0.3, respectively. These are the same as the yields observed at low dose rates. Detailed lifetime calculations, however, show that the mechanism is significantly different at the higher dose rate. Scavenger experiments with chlorine in hydrogen chloride show that the negative ion intermediates form thermal hydrogen atoms.The value of G(N2) = 12.4 ± 0.2 from nitrous oxide at a dose rate of 1027 eV g−1 s−1 is confirmed and the use of nitrous oxide as a dosimeter for pulsed electron beams is discussed. The higher nitrogen yield at Febetron dose rates appears to be due to changes in the reactions of electrons.

THE TRANSFER REACTIONS OF HALOGEN ATOMS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Fettis ◽  
J. H. Knox ◽  
A. F. Trotman-Dickenson
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Transition State Theory ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Methyl Halides ◽  
Alkyl Radicals ◽  
Bond Strengths

Extensive results on the reactions of fluorine, chlorine, and bromine atoms with alkanes and with some other molecules have been obtained from the study of competitive halogenations. The comparison of the A factors of the reactions provides an excellent test of the transition state theory. The activation energies of the bromine atom reactions can be combined with measurements of the activation energies for the reactions of alkyl radicals with hydrogen bromide to yield unusually reliable values of bond strengths. Information on the influence of polar effects on the activation energies of atomic reactions can be obtained from results on the reactions of fluorine and chlorine atoms with methyl halides.

scholarly journals Fast-Hardening Foam: Fire and Explosion Prevention at Facilities with Hazardous Chemicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Gennady N. Kuprin ◽  
Denis S. Kuprin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Fluoride ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Fire And Explosion

Analysis of the terroristic attacks in Siria, Afghanistan and other countries has shown high probability of the hazardous chemicals application by the terroristic groups. In the article the most catastrophic accidents which were connected with hazardous chemicals are described.That is why research and developments in the sphere of protection from hazardous chemicals are still actual.This article is dedicated to the new screening method of the spilled hazardous chemicals surface on the example of protection of the factories with these substances. Methodology, experimental apparatus, protective fast-hardening foam features, names of hazardous chemicals are shown.Test were made for such chemicals as: acetic acid, acetone, ammonia, bromine, chlorbenzene, chloroform, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, hexane, hydrazine, diesel fuel, dichlorethane, kerosene, toluene, phenol, hydrogen fluoride. Fantastic results were achieved in terms of isolating capability of the fast-hardening foam against evaporations of the pointed substances.

scholarly journals Fullerene Negative Ions: Formation and Catalysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zineb Felfli ◽  
Kelvin Suggs ◽  
Nantambu Nicholas ◽  
Alfred Z. Msezane
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Regge Pole ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Strength ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

We first explore negative-ion formation in fullerenes C44, C60, C70, C98, C112, C120, C132 and C136 through low-energy electron elastic scattering total cross sections calculations using our Regge-pole methodology. Water oxidation to peroxide and water synthesis from H2 and O2 are then investigated using the anionic catalysts C44ˉ to C136ˉ. The fundamental mechanism underlying negative-ion catalysis involves hydrogen bond strength-weakening in the transition state. DFT transition state calculations found C60ˉ numerically stable for both water and peroxide synthesis, C100ˉ increases the energy barrier the most and C136ˉ the most effective catalyst in both water synthesis and oxidation to H2O2.

scholarly journals The Reaction of Derivatives of D-Xylal and D-Arabinal with Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Bromide.

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2083-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bock ◽  
Inge Lundt ◽  
Christian Pedersen ◽  
Tord Holme ◽  
Alf A. Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Derivatives Of
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