Solubility of Sulfur Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions of Acetic Acid, Sodium Acetate, and Ammonium Acetate in the Temperature Range from 313 to 393 K at Pressures up to 3.3 MPa:  Experimental Results and Comparison with Correlations/Predictions

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Xia ◽  
Bernd Rumpf ◽  
Gerd Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temperature Range

scholarly journals Transfigured Morphology and Ameliorated Production of Six Monascus Pigments by Acetate Species Supplementation in Monascus ruber M7

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Safiullah Virk ◽  
Rabia Ramzan ◽  
Muhammad Abdulrehman Virk ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Fusheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Monascus Ruber ◽  
Monascus Pigments ◽  
Malonyl Coa

Monascus species have been used for the production of many industrially and medically important metabolites, most of which are polyketides produced by the action of polyketide synthases that use acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as precursors, and some of them are derived from acetate. In this study the effects of acetic acid, and two kinds of acetates, sodium acetate and ammonium acetate at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5%) on the morphologies, biomasses, and six major Monascus pigments (MPs) of M. ruber M7 were investigated when M7 strain was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28 °C for 4, 8, 12 days. The results showed that all of the added acetate species significantly affected eight above-mentioned parameters. In regard to morphologies, generally the colonies transformed from a big orange fleecy ones to a small compact reddish ones, or a tightly-packed orange ones without dispersed mycelia with the increase of additives concentration. About the biomass, addition of ammonium acetate at 0.1% increased the biomass of M. ruber M7. With respect to six MPs, all acetate species can enhance pigment production, and ammonium acetate has the most significant impacts. Production of monascin and ankaflavin had the highest increase of 11.7-fold and 14.2-fold in extracellular contents at the 8th day when 0.1% ammonium acetate was supplemented into PDA. Intracellular rubropunctatin and monascorubrin contents gained 9.6 and 6.46-fold at the 8th day, when 0.1% ammonium acetate was added into PDA. And the extracellular contents of rubropunctamine and monascorubramine were raised by 1865 and 4100-fold at the 4th day when M7 grew on PDA with 0.5% ammonium acetate.

A new method for the determination of total phosphoric acid in soils

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
J. G. Shrikhande
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Ferric Phosphate ◽  
Cause Of Failure

McLean's shorter method of H2SO4-HNO3 digestion of the soil for total P2O5 failed on some red soils from Ceylon, although Hall's HC1 method gave satisfactory results. The cause of failure of the McLean method was interference by the larger quantities of various bases extracted by H2SO4-HNO3.After first separating the total phosphoric acid as ferric phosphate, McLean's method produced results closely agreeing with those obtained by Hall's method. Total phosphates were separated by first neutralizing the acids in the soil digest and then precipitating the HC1 solutions of the neutralized product by sodium acetate and acetic acid. On boiling, all the phosphoric acid in the soil extract was separated as ferric phosphate. HNO3 solution of this ferric phosphate when precipitated in the usual way gave a clean yellow precipitate of ammonium phospho-molybdate.H2SO4-Se served as a good substitute for H2SO4-HNO3 in soil digestions and the results obtained were substantially the same as by Hall's method or by the modified McLean's method. H2SO4-Se digestion has certain advantages, such as the possibility of determining both nitrogen and phosphoric acid on the same soil digest.When selenium is used as catalyst and the phosphate separated by ammonium acetate and acetic acid, the HNO3 solution of total phosphates produces a white precipitate of a complex ammonium selenito-molybdate along with ammonium phospho-molybdate when precipitated by ammonium molybdate. This defect was eliminated after replacing ammonium acetate by sodium acetate.Attention is drawn to the unexpected behaviour of selenium compounds of phosphoric acid formed during soil digestion towards the reagents used for precipitating total phosphates.

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