An Extremely Active Solid Acid Catalyst, Nafion Resin/Silica Composite, for the Friedel−Crafts Benzylation of Benzene andp-Xylene with Benzyl Alcohol

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 5541-5544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Sun ◽  
Mark A. Harmer ◽  
William E. Farneth
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Silica Composite ◽  
Benzylation Of Benzene

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Production of cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a solid acid catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 14071-14078
Author(s):  
Xi-Que Wu ◽  
Pan-Dao Liu ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Shu-Ying Xu ◽  
Yu-Cang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
New Strategy

A new strategy was developed to produce cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a recyclable solid acid catalyst with assistance of ultrasonic disintegration and a suction filtration film forming method.

scholarly journals ZnAlMCM-41; a very ecofriendly and reusable solid acid catalyst for highly selective synthesis of 1, 3-dioxanes by Prins cyclization of olefins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Selvaraj ◽  
Mohammed A. Assiri ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Jimmy Nelson Appaturi ◽  
Subrahmanyam Ch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Selective Synthesis ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
Prins Cyclization ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic

Prins cyclization of styrene (SE) with paraformaldehyde (PFCHO) was conducted with mesoporous ZnAlMCM-41 catalysts for synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (4-PDO) under a liquid phase heterogeneous catalytic method. For comparison study, the...

scholarly journals Concatenated Batch and Continuous Flow Procedures for the Upgrading of Glycerol-Derived Aminodiols via N-Acetylation and Acetalization Reactions

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Davide Rigo ◽  
Nadia Alessandra Carmo Dos Santos ◽  
Alvise Perosa ◽  
Maurizio Selva
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Free ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Amide Acetal ◽  
Enol Ester ◽  
Isopropenyl Acetate

An unprecedented two-step sequence was designed by combining batch and continuous flow (CF) protocols for the upgrading of two aminodiol regioisomers derived from glycerol, i.e., 3-amino-1,2-propanediol and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (serinol). Under batch conditions, at 80–90 °C, both substrates were quantitatively converted into the corresponding amides through a catalyst-free N-acetylation reaction mediated by an innocuous enol ester as isopropenyl acetate (iPAc). Thereafter, at 30–100 °C and 1–10 atm, the amide derivatives underwent a selective CF-acetalisation in the presence of acetone and a solid acid catalyst, to afford the double-functionalized (amide-acetal) products.

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