Pressure Losses in Globe and Gate Valves during Two-Phase Oil/Water Emulsion Flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yi J. Hwang ◽  
Rajinder Pal
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Emulsion Flow ◽  
Oil Water

A New Mechanistic Model for Emulsion Rheology and Boosting Pressure Prediction in Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) under Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Hanjun Zhao ◽  
Guangqiang Cao ◽  
Hattan Banjar ◽  
Haiwen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pumps ◽  
Pressure Increment ◽  
Emulsion Flow ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Rheology Model

Summary As the second most widely used artificial lift method in the petroleum industry, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) maintain or increase flow rates by converting the kinetic energy to hydraulic pressure. As oilfields age, water is invariably produced with crude oil. The increase of water cut generates oil-water emulsions due to the high-shearing effects inside a rotating ESP. Emulsions can be stabilized by natural surfactants or fine solids existing in the reservoir fluids. The formation of emulsions during oil production creates a high viscous mixture, resulting in costly problems and flow assurance issues, such as increasing pressure drop and reducing production rates. This paper, for the first time, proposes a new rheology model to predict the oil-water emulsion effective viscosities and establishes a link of fluid rheology and its effect with the stage pressure increment of ESPs. Based on Brinkman's (1952) correlation, a new rheology model, accounting for ESP rotational speed, stage number, fluid properties, and so on, is developed, which can also predict the phase inversion in oil-water emulsions. For the new mechanistic model to calculate ESP boosting pressure, a conceptual best-match flow rate (QBM) is introduced. QBM corresponds to the flow rate whose direction at the ESP impeller outlet matches the designed flow direction. Induced by the liquid flow rates changing, various pressure losses can be derived from QBM, including recirculation losses, and losses due to friction, leakage, sudden change of flow directions, and so on. Incorporating the new rheology model into the mechanistic model, the ESP boosting pressure under oil-water emulsion flow can be calculated. To validate the proposed model, the experimental data from two different types of ESPs were compared with the model predictions in terms of ESP boosting pressure. Under both high-viscositysingle-phase fluid flow and oil-water emulsion flow, the model predicted ESP pressure increment matches the experimental measurements well. From medium to high flow rates with varying oil viscosities and water cuts, the prediction error is less than 15%.

Understanding ESP Performance Under High Viscous Applications and Emulsion Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Pastre ◽  
Jorge Biazussi ◽  
William Monte Verde ◽  
Antonio Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
High Viscosity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Field Deployment

Abstract Although being widely used as an artificial lift method for heavy oil field developments, Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) performance in high viscous applications is not fully understood. In order to improve knowledge of pump behavior under such conditions, Equinor has developed stage qualification tests as part of the technical requirements for deploying ESPs in Peregrino Field located offshore Brazil and has funded a series of research efforts to better design and operate the system more efficiently. Qualification tests were made mandatory for every stage type prior to field deployment in Peregrino. It is known that the affinity laws don´t hold true for high viscosity applications. Therefore, extensive qualification tests are required to provide actual stage performance in high viscous applications. Test results are used to optimize ESP system design for each well selecting the most efficient stage type considering specific well application challenges. In addition, the actual pump performance improves accuracy in production allocation algorithms. A better understanding of ESP behavior in viscous fluid application helps improving oil production and allows ESP operation with higher efficiency, increasing system run life. Shear forces inside ESP stages generate emulsion that compromises ESP performance. Lab tests in controlled environments have helped Equinor to gather valuable information about emulsion formation and evaluate ESP performance in conditions similar to field application. Equinor has funded studies to better understand two-phase flow (oil-water) which allowed visualization and investigation of oil drops dynamics inside the impeller. In addition, experimental procedures were proposed to investigate the effective viscosity of emulsion at pump discharge and the phase inversion hysteresis in the transition water-oil and oil-water emulsion. In addition to qualification tests and research performed to better understand system behavior, Equinor has developed and improved procedures to operate ESP systems in high viscous applications with emulsion production during 10 years of operation in Peregrino field. Such conditions also impose challenges to ESP system reliability. Over the years, Equinor has peformed failure analysis to enhance ESP system robustness which, combined with upper completion design, have improved system operation and reliability decreasing operating costs in Peregrino field.

scholarly journals Investigation of outlet diameter effect on emulsion separation efficiency in rectangular separators

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1242
Author(s):  
I. N. Madyshev ◽  
V. E. Zinurov ◽  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
Xuan Vinh Dang ◽  
G. R. Badretdinova
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Separation ◽  
Oil Water

The purpose of the study is to conduct experimental studies of oil -water emulsion separation in a rectangular separator in the range of velocities along the device working area from 1.43 to 2.5 m/s. The efficiency of emulsion separation is determined by an experimental method based on measuring the density of a two-phase liquid, provided that the density of each component of the mixture is previously determined. The authors propose to use a device with U-shaped elements to increase its performance when separating oil-water emulsions. The device under study including two rows of U-shaped elements consists of one complete separation stage. The authors have conducted experimental studies of the device with U-shaped elements on the "oil-water" system, during which the efficiency of emulsion separation was evaluated. It was detemined that the proposed device provides the highest efficiency of emulsion separation of 68% when the diameter of the holes intended for the exit of the heavy phase equals to 2.5 mm in the range of emulsion velocities from 1.43 to 2.5 m/s. The conducted experimental studies will allow to use a turbulence model for calculation in the programs like Ansys Fluent or FlowVision, which will most adequately describe the separation process of similar emulsions. The experiments have proved the possibility of obtaining high values of efficiency. Therefore, the correct selection of technological parameters (average flow rate, concentration) and the size of the characteristic elements of the proposed device will allow to specify the design of a rectangular separator, for example, to calculate the number of stages to achieve the required separation efficiency or to determine the size of the separation elements.

Experimental investigation of oil–water two-phase flow in horizontal pipes: Pressure losses, liquid holdup and flow patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shamsul Izwan Ismail ◽  
Issham Ismail ◽  
Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Ali Piroozian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Horizontal Pipes ◽  
Oil Water

New Technology for Oil/Water Emulsion Treatment: Phases I and II

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Venkatesh ◽  
C. Watson ◽  
C. D. Wolbach ◽  
L. R. Waterland
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water

Biokinetic modeling for aerobic treatment of aqueous phase of oil-water emulsion

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Alireza Nazari Alavi ◽  
Mohammad Mirzai ◽  
Ali Akbar Sajadi ◽  
Hamed Hasanian
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Biokinetic Modeling
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