Vapor Pressures of Polymer Solutions and the Modeling of Their Composition Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 4603-4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bercea ◽  
John Eckelt ◽  
Bernhard A. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Vapor Pressures

Scanning electron microscopy of plant cells using a variable-pressure SEM and cryogenic techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
K. Kuboki ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
S. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Use of variable Pressure SEMs is spreading among electron microscopists The variable Pressure SEM does not necessarily require specimen Preparation such as fixation, dehydration, coating, etc which have been required for conventional scanning electron microscopy. The variable Pressure SEM allows operating Pressure of 1˜270 Pa in specimen chamber It does not allow microscopy of water-containing specimens under a saturated vapor Pressure of water. Therefore, it may cause shrink or deformation of water-containing soft specimens such as plant cells due to evaporation of water. A solution to this Problem is to lower the specimen temperature and maintain saturated vapor Pressures of water at low as shown in Fig. 1 On this technique, there is a Published report of experiment to have sufficient signal to noise ratio for scondary electron imaging at a relatively long working distance using an environmental SEM. We report here a new low temperature microscopy of soft Plant cells using a variable Pressure SEM (Hitachi S-225ON).

Scaling approach to dilferential swelling of polymer solutions and gels

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pekarski ◽  
Y. Rabin ◽  
M. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solutions
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